Abstract:
:Evolving data have shown that the toll like receptors (TLRs) family of innate immune receptors has an important role in driving the activation and inhibition of pathogenic pathways involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). While developing clinical trials targeting MS by TLRs modulators are of considerable interest, several of them have failed. Herein, the various consequences of TLRs pathways activation and the potential of targeting these receptors for therapeutic purposes are described. In particular, different aspects of TLR based therapies are discussed, in order to develop more efficacious and safe therapies targeting inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, especially MS.
journal_name
Expert Rev Clin Immunoljournal_title
Expert review of clinical immunologyauthors
Gooshe M,Aleyasin AR,Abdolghaffari AH,Rezaei Ndoi
10.1586/1744666X.2014.953061subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
1277-9issue
10eissn
1744-666Xissn
1744-8409journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Pathological similarities between sarcoidosis (SA) and tuberculosis (TB) suggest that mycobacterial antigen(s), in genetically different predisposed hosts, may be a cause of SA. The authors' work and other published comparative analyses of HLA and non-HLA alleles in patients with SA or TB from different ethnic groups ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.13.8
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsedating antihistamines are a first-line therapy in the management of allergic rhinitis. They relieve the majority of the histamine-mediated symptoms of the condition, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, and pruritus. The nonsedating antihistamine desloratadine is effective in alleviating the symptoms of both seasonal ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.4.519
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is re-emerging as a worldwide zoonosis and is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Human leptospirosis is associated with high temperature and humidity. Laboratory tests are indispensible for the early diagnosis and proper disease management. The demand for suitable leptospirosis point-of-care dia...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.12.110
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic diseases are among the most common diseases in humans. Besides allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only causative treatment option. During recent years, many innovations of this therapy have emerged. METHODS:Selective literature research in Medline and PubMed, under the inclu...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.13.25
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is controversial. However, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported that treatment with steroids alternated with an alkylating agent achieved significantly more remissions and better renal survival at 10 years in comparison with untreated controls. Short-ter...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.12.89
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broad clinical syndrome linked by mucosal inflammation. Primary treatment modalities are corticosteroids and antibiotics with surgery an option for failures, but the level of supporting evidence is generally low. The primary reason is that CRS is a symptom complex and not ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1220833
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some chemotherapeutic agents and all radiation therapy generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce apoptosis in cancer cells. As ROS play a role in drug-induced apoptosis, one might suspect that antioxidants may inhibit ROS and prevent apoptosis of cancer cells. In order to find an answer to whether or not t...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.6.931
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease occurring in 6-39% of patients with psoriasis. Standard therapy of PsA includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular steroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Failure of standard therapy is an indication for anti-TNF-alpha the...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.09.50
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:HAE is a very debilitating disease that causes significant distress for patients not only during an acute attack but also constant fear for a subsequent attack. It is important to address long-term prophylactic (LTP) therapy to prevent attacks, decrease morbidity and increase the quality of life. When disc...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1750953
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During pregnancy and after delivery, the maternal thyroid gland faces several metabolic, hemodynamic and immunologic changes. In this article we first summarize the current knowledge on the physiologic adaptation of the healthy thyroid to pregnancy, including variations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroid ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.11.42
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is characterized by the absence of immunoglobulin and B cells. Patients suffer from recurrent bacterial infections from early childhood, and require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Mutations in BTK (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase) are associated with this phenotype. S...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1413349
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors. Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and i...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1212660
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The etiology of allergic rhinitis includes an increase in cytokine levels, including IL- 4, IL-13, IL-17, and reduction in B7 homologous 1 (B7-H1) or programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), a new member of the CD28: B7 stimulant molecule family. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship bet...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1637256
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and the presence of antiphospholid antibodies. Among the causes of death of antiphospholipid syndrome there are the myocardial infarction and stroke. Comorbidities could worsen the evolutio...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.837261
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe active refractory ulcerative colitis is a potentially life-threatening disease. The introduction of intensive steroid treatment and early surgery has reduced mortality in recent years. Ciclosporin and infliximab are effective rescue therapies in steroid refractory colitis. A head-to-head study proposed by Lahar...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.13.34
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead transcript factor box P3 have been established as a key regulator for the control of autoimmunity. A growing body of experiments in animal models has provided compelling evidence that the adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs can cure ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.3.387
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Modern imaging may aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of therapeutic response in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Detection of osteitis and technical advances like whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exemplify the value of this technology. Areas covered: Ultrasound (US) provides a clinic-base...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1215245
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a large part of the population suffers from allergies, a cure is not yet available. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) offers promise for these patients. AIT has proven successful in insect and venom allergies; however, for food allergy this is still unclear. In this editorial we focus on the recent advanc...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1103182
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological studies estimated that more than 30% of European suffer from allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, while up to 20% suffer from asthma and 15% from allergic skin conditions, while for many other regions the prevalence is increasing. Allergen immunotherapy represents the only available treatment th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.977260
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of antibiotics to treat pathogenic bacterial infections has been one of the greatest contributions to human health, yet antibiotic use also perturbs the communities of commensal and symbiotic bacteria that reside in the intestine of mammals. The microbiota are critical for normal immune development and for mai...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.851603
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 50 years. It is now recognized that several genetic defects can express an IBD-like phenotype at very early onset (<6 years). AREAS COVERED:The aim of this review was to update knowledge concerning the specificity of IBD at onse...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1184571
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specific allergen immunotherapy has been practiced for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis for over 100 years and is the only treatment option that is disease modifying. In the USA, immunotherapy is usually administered via subcutaneous injection; this is the only route with a US FDA-approved formulation. There is growing in...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.12.41
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant complication that greatly enhances morbidity and mortality associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Key immunoregulatory molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of GVHD, but the mechanisms by which these molecules affect the incidence an...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.09.44
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an important regulatory innate cell population and have significant inhibitory effect on T cell-mediated responses. In addition to their negative role in cancer development, MDSCs also exert strong regulatory effects on transplantation and autoimmunity. In ma...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.948424
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotics have had many applications in the past few years, and inflammatory conditions of the GI tract--including chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--have received the most attention by investigators. In fact, the experimental basis to expect clinical efficacy of probiotics in IBD is quite ro...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.09.70
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) can be of a primary or secondary type. To date, a clear pathogenesis of the disease is still not available. Focusing on the secondary forms of AIED, the aim of this review is to (i) assess and describe the hearing involvement in patients affected by autoimmune diseases, ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2021.1879640
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Methylation pattern of gene modification is essential for the differentiation of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine is a common inhibitor of methylation. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Treg polarizing conditions and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in the differen...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1866987
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Inflammasomes are large multimeric intracellular complexes that are capable of maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, in response to danger signal molecules. As a member of the inflammasome family, the NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been under intense investigation reve...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1713755
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Remestemcel-L, a third-party, off-the-shelf preparation of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), has been developed for experimental use in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and other immune-mediated conditions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indeed suggested the potent...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1208086
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Psoriasis is a complex disease in which the alteration of the IL-23/Th17 axis appears to be crucial for its pathogenic mechanisms, and anti-IL17 agents are rapidly becoming important therapeutic tools. Brodalumab, a fully human Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) anti-IL-17RA monocl...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1246957
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00