Abstract：
:Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a low-incidence and heterogeneous group of malignancies. In the advanced stage, several therapeutic options can be discussed, including molecular-targeted agents, but biological predicting factors are lacking. A number of molecular targets have been studied over the last decade leading to several phase II studies; however, very few agents progressed to phase III clinical trials. The RAF family of proteins belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, that has a role in several types of cancers, particularly related to BRAF mutations. Indeed BRAF inhibitors have been reported as being effective, mainly in melanoma. However, in neuroendocrine neoplasms BRAF mutations are extremely rare and RAF-1 activation has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in a pre-clinical setting. Therefore, in this field, RAF-1 activators rather than BRAF inhibitors should be clinically investigated. This article reviews the basic science as well as clinical data of RAF signaling in advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms with special emphasis on the potential role of both RAF activators and inhibitors.
journal_name
Cancer Treat Revjournal_title
Cancer treatment reviewsauthors
Fazio N,Abdel-Rahman O,Spada F,Galdy S,De Dosso S,Capdevila J,Scarpa Adoi
10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.06.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
974-9issue
8eissn
0305-7372issn
1532-1967pii
S0305-7372(14)00119-4journal_volume
40pub_type
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