Abstract：
:Due to differences in anatomy, primary rectal and colon cancer require different staging procedures, different neo-adjuvant treatment and different surgical approaches. For example, neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is administered solely for rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer might be responsible in part for the differing effect of adjuvant systemic treatment on overall survival, which is more evident in colon cancer than in rectal cancer. Apart from anatomic divergences, rectal and colon cancer also differ in their embryological origin and metastatic patterns. Moreover, they harbor a different composition of drug targets, such as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), which is preferentially mutated in proximal colon cancers, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is prevalently amplified or overexpressed in distal colorectal cancers. Despite their differences in metastatic pattern, composition of drug targets and earlier local treatment, metastatic rectal and colon cancer are, however, commonly regarded as one entity and are treated alike. In this review, we focused on rectal cancer and its biological and clinical differences and similarities relative to colon cancer. These aspects are crucial because they influence the current staging and treatment of these cancers, and might influence the design of future trials with targeted drugs.
journal_name
Cancer Treat Revjournal_title
Cancer treatment reviewsauthors
Tamas K,Walenkamp AM,de Vries EG,van Vugt MA,Beets-Tan RG,van Etten B,de Groot DJ,Hospers GAdoi
10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
671-9issue
8eissn
0305-7372issn
1532-1967pii
S0305-7372(15)00129-2journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Molecular biology has become a central area of research in GC and there are currently at least three major classifications available to elucidate the mechanisms that drive GC oncogenesis. Further, tumor microenvironment seems to play a c...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102015
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an important therapeutic option for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive metastatic and/or inoperable neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). However, in patients with poorly controlled carcinoid syndrome, it may lead to an acute flare of carcinoid symptoms or even carcinoid cri...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic is a semi-metal or metalloid with two biologically important oxidation states, As(III) and As(V). As(III), in particular, reacts with closely spaced protein thiols, forming stable cyclic dithioarsinite complexes in which both sulfur atoms are bound to arsenic. It is this reaction that is mostly responsible for...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.05.001
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To provide an updated review of adverse events associated with sunitinib, pazopanib, bevacizumab, temsirolimus, axitinib, everolimus and sorafenib and their management. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a PubMed and Cochrane-based review of side effects associated with the seven agents including product mo...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.006
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue hypoxia occurs where there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption. Hypoxia occurs in solid tumours as a result of an inadequate supply of oxygen, due to exponential cellular proliferation and an inefficient vascular supply. It is an adverse prognostic indicator in cancer as it is associated with ...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00003-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although surgery provides excellent control for localized prostate cancer, pathologic examination of more than one-third of specimens will reveal positive surgical margins, seminal vesicle invasion, and/or extracapsular extension, thus putting these patients at increased risk of cancer recurrence. "Adjuvant" radiother...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.07.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aberrant activation of HER2 through overexpression has been shown to play an important role in some breast cancers. Therapies against this receptor including the monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, or the small tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib have shown to improve the prognosis of such patients. Despite overexpress...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.08.001
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While chemotherapy has been the standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), efforts have shifted toward evaluating novel targeted agents in an attempt to improve outcome. These targeted agents are directed toward key components in several signalling pathways such as vascular endothe...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.05.009
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors thought to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. More than 90% of glioblastomas are isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype tumors. Incidence increases with age, males are more often affected. Beyond rare instances of genetic predisposition and irradiation exposur...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101896
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Europe and the United States. About 25% of patients with bladder cancer have advanced disease (muscle-invasive or metastatic disease) at presentation and are candidates for systemic chemotherapy. In the setting of metastatic disease, use of cisplatin-based regime...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.09.018
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that the stem cell inhibitory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys (pEEDCK monomer) leads to a good tolerance of otherwise lethal multiple ara-C doses and an increased survival of ara-C + peptide treated mice. This effect was due to the prevention of drug-induced CFU-S proliferation, thus keeping stem...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0305-7372(90)90068-q
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), fluorouracil-based combination therapy with oxaliplatin or irinotecan is the mainstay of first-line treatment. Patient survival has been significantly improved with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies against VEGF (bevacizumab), VEGFR2 (ramucirumab) or EGFR (cetuximab or p...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.006
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last ten years, the development of several novel targeted drugs and the refinement of state of the art technologies such as the genomics and proteomics and their introduction to clinical practice have revolutionized the management of patients affected by cancer. However, everyday practice points out several cli...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.10.001
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attribution of adverse events (AEs) is critical to oncology drug development and the regulatory process. However, processes for determining the causality of AEs are often sub-optimal, unreliable, and inefficient. Thus, we conducted a toxicity-attribution workshop in Silver Springs MD to develop guidance for improving ...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.04.004
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor intracellular kinase that belongs to the TEC-family tyrosine kinases together with bone marrow-expressed kinase (BMX), redundant-resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK), and IL-2 inducible T-Cell kinase (ITK). All these proteins play a key role in the intracellular signaling of...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.001
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma is the most malignant and frequent primary brain tumour in adults. Current treatment remains insufficient as these tumours display a diffuse infiltrative growth pattern and tend to recur despite extensive debulking surgery followed by radio- and chemotherapy. The alkylating agents carmustine (1,3-bis-(2-c...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.03.125
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all phase III randomized controlled trials comparing efficacy of early versus late first-line or initial treatments for cancer. METHODS:A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases was performed (1966-2008). Data was extracted a...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.04.001
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A potential new therapy for cancer is active specific immunotherapy with melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene products. The MAGE gene family comprizes a series of 12 closely related genes, some of which have been shown to be expressed in a variety of tumours of different histological origin. Peptides encoded by the MAGE genes...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/ctrv.1999.0126
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Checkpoint blockades turn on a new paradigm shift in immunotherapy for cancer. Remarkable clinical efficacy, durable response and low toxicity of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have been observed in various malignancies. However, a lot of cancer patients failed to resp...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.11.001
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cancer biology angiogenesis plays a vital role in tumour growth and its subsequent metastatic potential. By targeting the angiogenic process, a new treatment strategy was added in the clinician's therapeutic armamentarium. On the other hand, numerous classic cytotoxic agents are currently considered as potential an...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.09.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the biggest cancer killer in the United States and worldwide. In 2011, there are estimated to be 221,130 new cases of lung cancer in the United States. Over a million people will die of lung cancer worldwide this year alone. When possible, surgery to remove the tumor is the best t...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.008
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcomas of the head and neck region are a rare group of tumors in children and present challenges with regard to evaluation and treatment. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common sarcomas of the head and neck in children. Presence of metastases and complete surgical resectability continue to be the most relevant clinic...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.04.005
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of solid tumours. Based on a steep dose-response relationship for especially alkylating agents on tumour cell survival, high-dose chemotherapy was considered of interest for the treatment of solid tumours. Results of phase 1 and 2 studies with high-dose chemotherapy ...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2005.02.002
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, representing the sixth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Patient stratification and treatment allocation are based on tumor stage, liver function, and performance status. According to the Barcelona Cl...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.11.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The use of oral anticancer drugs has increased in modern oncology treatment. The move from intravenous treatments towards oral anticancer drugs has increased the patients' own responsibility to take oral anticancer drugs as being prescribed. High rates of non-adherence to oral anticancer drugs have ...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.014
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer is evolving and subsequent adjuvant systemic treatment is mainly based on the presence of the Estrogen (ER) receptor, Progesterone (PR) receptor and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status on the core needle biopsy prior to treatment. It is not well known...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.11.006
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxaliplatin is widely regarded as being active in cisplatin-resistant cancer. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify, describe and critique the clinical and pre-clinical evidence for the use of oxaliplatin in patients with "cisplatin-resistant" cancer. We identified 25 pre-clinical cell models ...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.01.009
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to advances in chemotherapy and supportive care, greater than 70% of patients with childhood cancer will survive 5 years. However, there are long-term physiological and psychological sequelae of these treatments that may not manifest until pediatric survivors are into adulthood. Various studies done in the long-te...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.02.014
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A relationship between baseline tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and outcomes has been described in HER2-positive breast cancer. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this association and whether this effect differs based on the type of anti-HER2 agent remain controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the a...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.04.005
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer cells exhibit deregulation in multiple cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, treatments using specific agents that target only one pathway usually fail in cancer therapy. The combination treatments using chemotherapeutic agents with distinct molecular mechanisms are considered more promising for higher effica...
journal_title：Cancer treatment reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.07.001
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
