Abstract:
:1. A comparison has been made of the effects of three acetylcholine antagonists--hexamethonium, tubocurarine and pancuronium--on maximal tetani of limb muscles of cats under chloralose anaesthesia. In most experiments, the indirectly stimulated soleus muscle was studied, but observations were also made on the tibialis anterior and flexor digitorum longus muscles. 2. When neuromuscular block was produced by intra-arterial injections of the acetylcholine antagonists, tetanic tension, though depressed in amplitude did not wane and there was little or no post-tetanic relief of the block as judged by the amplitude of subsequent twitches. On the other hand, during similar degrees of block produced by intravenous injections, tetanic tension rapidly waned, and, after the tetanus, transmission was temporarily facilitated, as evidenced by an increase in the amplitude of post-tetanic twitches. 3. Intravenously injected hexamethonium caused complete waning of tetanic tension in doses too small to depress twitch amplitude and which caused only a small depression of peak tetanic tension. In contrast, pancuronium caused only partial tetanic fade even in doses that produced pronounced depressions of twitch and tetanic tensions. The effects of tubocurarine fell between these extremes. 4. The results suggest that depression of peak tension and tetanic fade are independent effects of acetylcholine antagonists. It is postulated that the former is a consequence of block of post-junctional cholinoceptors, whereas the latter arises from an action of pre-junctional cholinoceptors. 5. The results obtained, together with those of other workers, led to the suggestion that transmitter acetylcholine, in addition to evoking the endplate potential, acts on the nonmyelinated nerve terminals in a positive feed-back mechanism that mobilizes transmitter to keep pace with release during high frequencies of stimulation.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Bowman WC,Webb SNdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00636.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-11-01 00:00:00pages
545-55issue
6eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. In the present study, we investigated the associations of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-3186 C/T and -948G/T polymorphisms with the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their impact on the efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese Han T2DM patients. 2. In all, 170 patients with T2DM and 129 healthy...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05548.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptors on different stages of the amphetamine (AMPH) sensitized effect in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) in rats. 2. Three experiments were designed to evaluate the roles of DAD2 receptor antagonist haloperidol (HAL) and gl...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05416.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Uridine monophosphate was tested in the conscious rat for natriuretic properties and an immunoperoxidase technique was used to localize uridine-containing compounds in the rat kidney. 2. Uridine monophosphate, infused in a moderate pressor dose, caused a significant natriuresis compared to the effect of control inf...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00385.x
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) is characterized by phospholipid storage in the lysosomes of affected tissues. Many severe effects and toxicities have been linked to DIPL. The aim of this study was to determine whether the endogenous opioid system is involved in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis. The effect of...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13332
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05348.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that endothelin (ET)-1 stimulates thromboxane (Tx)A(2) production and so we hypothesized that inhibiting prostanoid TP receptors would prevent the pressor and intrarenal haemodynamic response to an acute infusion of ET-1. 2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized with Inactin (Sigma Ch...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04354.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In order to determine whether the antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in genetically hypertensive rats could be mediated through altered adrenal function, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary excretion of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B) and aldosterone were measured in thymectomized hy...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01030.x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02073.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03110.x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Oxidative stress is believed to be an important mediator of neuronal cell death but the precise mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. 2. We have developed an in vitro model of neuronal oxidative stress to study the pathways by which free radicals kill neurones. 3. We have shown that oxidative stress, cystine d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02006.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Rats and mice were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae in different vaccination schedules whereafter blood eosinophils were counted. In rats a single vaccination resulted in a dose-dependent effect on the blood eosinophil count in a pattern comparable with that after Bordetella pertussis vaccination. In a long-t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00018.x
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Summary 1. The non-selective K(+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. The clinical usefulness of 4-AP is hampered by its ability to produce seizures. Nerispirdine, an analogue of 4-AP, is currently under clinical inve...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05200.x
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Stroke is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Despite increasing knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that occur in stroke, there are still large gaps in our understanding that are impeding therapeutic progress. In addition, there are no drugs yet that can ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05190.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01713.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01016.x
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. For the past decade, using radioligand binding, contractility and immunohistochemical techniques, we have been characterizing vascular smooth muscle (VSM) adrenoceptors in four functionally different canine blood vessels, namely the dog aorta (DAO), dog mesenteric artery (DMA), dog mesenteric vein (DMV) and dog sap...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03136.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02360.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04492.x
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03717.x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03438.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The antitumour effect of orally administered cordycepin, a component isolated from water extracts of Cordyceps sinensis, was examined in mice inoculated with B16 melanoma (B16-BL6) cells. 2. B16-BL6 (1 x 10(6)) cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the right footpad of mice. At 2 weeks after the cell inoculatio...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04108.x
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The concentration of renin and angiotensinogen (Ao) and the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was measured in the ascites fluid of nephrotic rats obtained 8 days after puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) injection. 2. Ascites fluid, serum and urine proteins of these rats were analysed by sodium dodecyl ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02253.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The resistance of breast cancer cells to drugs is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy. Here, we study the function mechanisms of long non-coding RNA XIST in chemoresistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin. We examined the 50% inhibitive concentration of doxorubicin to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/ADM cells,...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13307
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0305-1870.2005.04243.x
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Rabbits were treated with the antiparasitic drug ivermectin at subcutaneous doses of 0.2, 1 and 2.5 mg/kg and blood collected weekly for 4 weeks thereafter for measuring some blood parameters. At a dose of 0.2 or 1 mg/kg the drug had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured. At a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, t...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01273.x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ambulatory monitoring provides a unique opportunity for studying the temporal relationships between lifestyle factors and blood pressure (BP). These include physical activity, mental activity, environmental stressors, substances ingested for pleasure such as smoking, alcohol and caffeine, and nutrition. 2. Changes ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01986.x
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The most usual form of chronic hypoxia in humans is the intermittent hypoxia resulting from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The OSA syndrome is a highly prevalent sleep breathing disorder that is considered an independent risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative s...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05213.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to perform an in vivo estimation of the Michaelis-Menten constants of the major metabolic pathways of paracetamol (APAP). 2. A two-occasion, single-dose cross-over trial was performed using 60 and 90 mg/kg doses of APAP in healthy patients undergoing third molar dental extraction. P...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05029.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Skeletal muscle oxidative function and metabolic gene expression are co-ordinately downregulated in metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Altering skeletal muscle metabolic gene expression to favour enhanced energy expenditure is considered a potential therapy to combat these d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05311.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It is a central thesis of this review that in clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology the goal of statistical analysis should be to minimize the risk of making any false-positive inferences from the results of an experiment (experimentwise Type I error). 2. It is common in clinical and experimental ph...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01468.x
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00