Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To describe the relationship between mood/anxiety disorders and migraine headaches emphasizing the frequency of episodes based in a cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. BACKGROUND:It has been suggested that frequency of migraine headaches can be directly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. METHODS:Migraine headaches (International Headache Society criteria) was classified as <1×/month, 1×/month-1×/week, 2-6×/week, and daily. Psychiatric disorders using the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised were classified in 6 categories: common mental (CMD), major depressive (MDD), generalized anxiety (GAD), panic, obsessive-compulsive (OCD), and mixed anxiety and depressive (MADD) disorders. We performed multivariate logistic models adjusted for age, race, education, marital status, income, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. RESULTS:In our sample, 1261 presented definite migraine and 10,531 without migraine headaches (reference). Our main result was an increase in the strength of association between migraine and MDD as frequency of migraine increased for all sample: odds ratio of 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-3.43) for <1 episode of migraine/month to 6.94 (95% CI 4.20-11.49) for daily headaches for all sample. Significant associations with migraine were also found for GAD, OCD, MADD, and CMD for total sample: MDD, GAD, OCD, MADD, and CMD for women, and MADD and CMD for men. Among men with daily migraine complaint, we found a significant association between migraine and OCD after correction for multiple comparisons (odds ratio 29.86 [95% CI 4.66-191.43]). Analyzing probable and definite migraine cases together, we replicated the findings in a lower magnitude. CONCLUSIONS:The increase in migraine frequency was associated with progressively higher frequencies of having mood/anxiety disorders in all samples suggesting for some psychiatric disorders a likely dose-response effect especially for women.
journal_name
Headachejournal_title
Headacheauthors
Goulart AC,Santos IS,Brunoni AR,Nunes MA,Passos VM,Griep RH,Lotufo PA,Benseñor IMdoi
10.1111/head.12397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
1310-9issue
8eissn
0017-8748issn
1526-4610journal_volume
54pub_type
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