Abstract:
:The ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized as the potential solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials before biomass conversion. However, little knowledge of how the cell wall of biomass responds to the IL locally and dynamically during the pretreatment is available. In the current work, the process of IL pretreatment of poplar using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2 mim][OAc]) was real-time monitored on a cellular level by employing confocal Raman microscopy. The results showed that the biomass dissolution during the IL pretreatment can be clearly divided into two stages: (1) slow penetration of IL, and (2) rapid dissolution of lignin and carbohydrates. In this case, the onset of the dissolution of these compositions occurred only after the cell wall of biomass swelled to a certain extent. Because the first stage was a slow process which determined the process reaction rate, it can be deduced that enhancing the penetration capacity of IL was crucial for improving the pretreatment efficiency. Based on the obtained results, a model was proposed to better understand how the plant cell wall responds to the IL before, during, and after pretreatment.
journal_name
Microsc Res Techjournal_title
Microscopy research and techniqueauthors
Zhang X,Ma J,Ji Z,Yang GH,Zhou X,Xu Fdoi
10.1002/jemt.22379subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
609-18issue
8eissn
1059-910Xissn
1097-0029journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The morphology of pancreatic excretory duct segments was reviewed in mammals. The fine structure of the epithelial lining was described in intercalated ducts, intra- and extralobular ducts, and in major pancreatic ducts. Morphological characteristics of the various cell types comprising to the duct epithelium were det...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970601)37:5/6<407::AID-J
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Directed growth cone movement is crucial for the correct wiring of the nervous system. This movement is governed by the concerted actions of cell surface receptors, signaling proteins, cytoskeleton-associated molecules, and molecular motors. In order to investigate the molecular basis of growth cone motility, we appli...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(20000115)48:2<97::AID-JEMT
更新日期:2000-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Neotropical catfish, Corydoras paleatus (Callichthyidae) is a facultative air-breathing teleost that makes use of the caudal portion of the intestine as an accessory air-breathing organ. This portion is highly modified, being well vascularized with capillaries between epithelial cells, which makes it well suited f...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22614
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Oriental hornet Vespa orientalis (Hymenoptera, Vespinae), there is on the dorsal side of the thorax, beneath the mesoscutum plate of the prothorax and around the median notal suture, a lump that, in the course of hornet activity, is warmer by 9 degrees C from the surrounding milieu and by up to 6 degrees C from...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20257
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies searching for methods to control Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., (dog tick) infestations have been developed aiming to minimize the damages caused by these ectoparasites to the hosts and the environment, which is harmed by the indiscriminate use of toxic acaricide products. In this scenario, neem oil ha...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22871
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apanteles cypris is an endoparasitoid of rice pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. To better understand its host location mechanism, we examined the external morphology of antennal sensilla of A. cypris via scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of male and female A. cypris were filiform in shape, which consist of scape...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.21016
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the molecular and experimental studies on the floor plate (FP) have been performed on the FP region extending along the spinal cord. However, little is known about the hindbrain FP. The FP undergoes regional and temporal changes throughout development, but information with respect to the ultrastructural correl...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20010301)52:5<615::AID-JEMT1045>
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article focusses on the structural development of human esophageal ciliated epithelium. A combination of transmission electron microscopic (TEM), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), radioautographic, and light microscopic (LM) analyses were carried out using intact fetal tissues between 8 and 20 weeks of gestati...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070310305
更新日期:1995-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The anterior adhesive areas of a monocotylid monogenean, Merizocotyle australensis (Merizocotylinae), were investigated. They comprise 6 ventral apertures in 2 groups of 3 arranged at the anterolateral margins of the head. These regions are also well supplied with groups of cilia. Each aperture is 13.8 to 15.8 microm ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19980801)42:3<200::AID-JEM
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual system of insects provides an excellent model to study processes of transduction and transmission of photic information, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and wiring between photoreceptors and their visual interneurons in the optic lobe. This review describes synaptic contacts between photoreceptors and ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.10141
更新日期:2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have in recent studies presented unexpected immunohistochemical evidence favoring the existence of a local production of catecholamines, and an occurrence of adrenergic receptors on the tendon cells (tenocytes), in the human patellar tendon. This was particularly noticed for tendons from patients suffering from ten...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20495
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cetoniinae is one of the showiest scarab groups, exhibiting bright-metallic body colors, and usually attract great attention from entomologists and amateur collectors. Larvae of Cetoniinae show dramatically diversity on morphology and living habits. Although being considered one of the best-studied groups of Scarabaei...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23594
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) is a natural junction that unites two dissimilar mineralized tissues in the human tooth: enamel and dentin. DEJ plays a critical role in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the tooth. However, its structure, chemical composition and function remain unclear and cont...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23648
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::When 20-day-old rats are placed on a vitamin A deficient diet (VAD) for a period of 10 weeks, the seminiferous tubules are found to contain only Sertoli cells, a few residual A0, A1 spermatogonia, and preleptotene spermatocytes (PL). The type A1 spermatogonia and PL spermatocytes are arrested in their G2 phase. In VAD...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070200106
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual com...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1166
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlative microscopy has become increasingly important for the analysis of the structure, function, and dynamics of cells. This is largely due to the result of recent advances in light-, probe-, laser- and various electron microscopy techniques that facilitate three-dimensional studies. Furthermore, the improved und...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.20408
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fipronil, active ingredient of Frontline® acaricide, is a phenyl-pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in lower concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the present study had ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.21053
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An energy-filtering transmission electron microscope with 300 kV acceleration voltage was developed and the spatial resolution of elemental distribution images was improved. Observing oxygen monolayers in Al(11)O(3)N(9), it was shown that the actual resolution attained is up to 0.5 nm. Surface plasmon loss images of s...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20025
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The mint beetle or green mint beetle, Chrysolina herbacea, is one of the most important insect pests of mint herb. These insects are associated with plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, in particular the Mentha genus. They cause serious damages to plants by consuming their leaves. For this reason, it is an import...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23671
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular basis of hearing is less well understood than many other senses. However, recent studies in Drosophila have provided some important steps towards a molecular understanding of hearing. In this report, we summarize these findings and their implications on the relationship between hearing and touch. In Dros...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.20053
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous report we described the survival and contractile function of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in the host retroperitoneum. To further understand the nature of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the study assessed the synthesis of natriuretic peptides in ectopic myocardial tissues...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20152
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frozen skin sections are routinely used for light microscopic immunohistochemical study of the skin basement membrane zone for two reasons: some skin basement membrane zone proteins are labile to routine chemical fixation, and skin is not amenable to vibratome sectioning. However, inherent limitations of conventional ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1136
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rhus succedanea is generally traded, distributed, and sold in the markets in its crude and raw form. This may have been mixed with adulterants, mismanaged by malpractices, and substituted with other closely related drugs having different effect. This study is therefore carried out to authenticate the plant through pha...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23367
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ruminant placenta has a very uniform gross structure based on localised areas of fetomaternal membrane apposition and proliferation to form placentomes. There is no consistency, however, in the number or size of these placentomes (6-150), nor in the villus architecture of the individual placentome. The one consist...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/2<88::AID
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A small-angle cleavage technique has been developed that produces superior transmission electron microscope (TEM) samples of semiconductors and related materials. The technique involves back-thinning the sample to approximately 100 microns, then scribing a groove on this back face at a specified small angle to a stand...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070240210
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uranium-contaminated soils from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fernald Site, Ohio, have been examined by a combination of backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and analytical electron microscopy with electron diffraction (AEM). The inhomogeneous distribution of particulate uranium phases in the soil required the d...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070310208
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the regenerative potential of connective tissues harvested from two palatal areas widely used as donor sites for muco-gingival surgical approaches. Connective tissue grafts (CTGs) were obtained by de-epithelialisation of a free gingival graft (deCTG) and by a split flap approach from a p...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22925
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research aimed to obtain the depth dependence of polymerization contraction and microporosity from irradiated dental resin cements by X-ray computed microtomography (μCT). Samples (n = 5) of commercial Relyx U200 (RU) and AllCem Core (AC) dual-cure resin cements were injected in a cylindrical Teflon sampler (25 m...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23456
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the use of a photobleach method and confocal microscopy to compare the cell-to-cell transfer rate of 5,6 carboxyfluorescein in dissociated embryonic chick lens cells with those in the anterior epithelium of the whole embryonic chick lens. The average cell-to-cell transfer rates obtained were 7.9 x...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070310508
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to fulfill its many functions as the selective interface between maternal and fetal circulations it is imperative that the human placenta remains intact and in good operational order. That damage of some sort occurs during its short but extremely active life seems inevitable given the dynamic environment in w...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19980901)42:5<351::AID-JEM
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00