Abstract:
:Reinforcement learning enables organisms to adjust their behavior in order to maximize rewards. Electrophysiological recordings of dopaminergic midbrain neurons have shown that they code the difference between actual and predicted rewards, i.e., the reward prediction error, in many species. This error signal is conveyed to both the striatum and cortical areas and is thought to play a central role in learning to optimize behavior. However, in human daily life rewards are diverse and often only indirect feedback is available. Here we explore the range of rewards that are processed by the dopaminergic system in human participants, and examine whether it is also involved in learning in the absence of explicit rewards. While results from electrophysiological recordings in humans are sparse, evidence linking dopaminergic activity to the metabolic signal recorded from the midbrain and striatum with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is available. Results from fMRI studies suggest that the human ventral striatum (VS) receives valuation information for a diverse set of rewarding stimuli. These range from simple primary reinforcers such as juice rewards over abstract social rewards to internally generated signals on perceived correctness, suggesting that the VS is involved in learning from trial-and-error irrespective of the specific nature of provided rewards. In addition, we summarize evidence that the VS can also be implicated when learning from observing others, and in tasks that go beyond simple stimulus-action-outcome learning, indicating that the reward system is also recruited in more complex learning tasks.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Daniel R,Pollmann Sdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-01 00:00:00pages
90-100eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(14)00085-9journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The recall of a previously formed fear memory triggers a process through which synapses in the amygdala become "destabilized". This labile state at retrieval may be critical for the plasticity required to modify, update, or disrupt long-term memories. One component of this process involves the rapid internalization of...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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abstract::Although no single widely accepted animal model of PTSD has been established to date, the single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model has been partially validated as a model for PTSD. SPS rats mimic the pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral characteristics of PTSD, such as enhanced fear response to the trauma...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.05.001
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.12.002
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.05.002
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.01.004
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.11.003
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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