Abstract:
:The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are characterized by quantized vorticity, superfluidity, and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes types and regimes of turbulence that have been observed, and highlights similarities and differences between quantum turbulence and classical turbulence in ordinary fluids. Our aim is also to link together the articles of this special issue and to provide a perspective of the future development of a subject that contains aspects of fluid mechanics, atomic physics, condensed matter, and low-temperature physics.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Barenghi CF,Skrbek L,Sreenivasan KRdoi
10.1073/pnas.1400033111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-25 00:00:00pages
4647-52eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1400033111journal_volume
111 Suppl 1pub_type
abstract::The high susceptibility of human immunoglobulin D to proteolytic degradation affects its biological function, metabolism, and immunoassay. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to investigate the mechanism and rate of limited proteolytic cleavage of IgD and also to identify, isolate, and quantify the reaction p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.61
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of c-myc, c-fos, and JE mRNAs accumulate in a biphasic pattern following infection of quiescent BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells with polyomavirus. Maximal levels of c-myc and c-fos mRNAs were seen within 1 hr and were nearly undetectable at 6 hr after infection. At 12 hr after infection mRNA levels were again maxima...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.5.1210
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lateral inhibition is the ubiquitous strategy used by visual neurons for spatial resolution throughout the animal kingdom. It has been a puzzle whether lateral inputs in retinal bipolar cells are mediated by the horizontal cell (HC)-cone feedback synapse, by the HC-bipolar cell feedforward synapse, or by both. By bloc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.8.3310
更新日期:1991-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that poly(dA-dT) can adopt two conformations in solution, with the relative proportions dependent on the nature and concentration of the counter ion and cationic ligands. The synthetic DNA exhibits a dinucleotide repeat conformation on addition of CsF and Me4NCl at molar concentrations, with the NMR spe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.7.4063
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The murine T-cell surface molecules Lyt-2 and L3T4 play a role in the activation of antigen-specific T cells. The currently accepted model for the function of these molecules proposes that Lyt-2 and L3T4 increase the overall avidity of the interaction between the T-cell antigen receptor and antigen in association with...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2594
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initiation of X chromosome inactivation requires the presence, in cis, of the X inactivation center (XIC). The Xist gene, which lies within the XIC region in both human and mouse and has the unique property of being expressed only from the inactive X chromosome in female somatic cells, is known to be essential for X i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6841
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Much of our understanding of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from volatile organic compounds derives from laboratory chamber measurements, including mass yield and elemental composition. These measurements alone are insufficient to identify the chemical mechanisms of SOA production. We present he...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1517742112
更新日期:2015-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike the dominant role of one class II invariant chain peptide (CLIP) in blocking MHC class II, comparative lipidomics analysis shows that human cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d bind lipids corresponding to hundreds of diverse accurate mass retention time values. Although most ions...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1112969108
更新日期:2011-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::The receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is composed of an alpha and beta subunit, which together form the high-affinity receptor. The alpha subunit by itself binds ligand at low affinity, whereas the isolated beta subunit does not bind GM-CSF. It is generally believed that the high-a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2537
更新日期:1994-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the structure-function relationship of diphtheria toxin are reported. New methods are described for the preparation of pure intact ("unnicked") toxin and for the preparation of the individual A and B chains. A biological assay method for the B chain is also presented, as well as a method for the labelling o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.472
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeat proteins have recently been of great interest as potential alternatives to immunoglobulin antibodies due to their unique structural and biophysical features. We here present the development of a binding scaffold based on variable lymphocyte receptors, which are nonimmunoglobulin antibodies composed of Leucine-r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113193109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome ba3 from Thermus thermophilus reacts slowly with excess HCN at pH 7.4 to create a form of the enzyme in which CuA, cytochrome b, and CuB remain oxidized, while cytochrome a3 is reduced by one electron, presumably with the formation of cyanogen. We have examined this form of the enzyme by UV-visible, resonan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3195
更新日期:1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1) plays crucial roles in DNA damage response through its association with many proteins, including MRE11 and RAD50. However, it remains to be determined exactly how NBS1 accumulates at or near DNA double-strand breaks. Here we report that MDC1 directly binds to N...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802885105
更新日期:2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The rRNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena is a catalytic RNA molecule, or "ribozyme." A tertiary-structure model of the active site of this ribozyme has been constructed based on comparative sequence analysis of related group I intervening sequences, data on the accessibility of each nucleotide to chemical and enzy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.24.8788
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) binds to specific receptors on GH4C1 pituitary tumor cells. A fluorescently labeled analog of TRH was synthesized by coupling pGlu-His-ProNH(CH2)6NH2 to fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescein-labeled peptide (FL-TRH) stimulated prolactin synthesis and release by GH4C1 cultures ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.587
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperate-zone species have responded to warming temperatures by shifting their distributions poleward and upslope. Thermal tolerance data suggests that tropical species may respond to warming temperatures even more strongly than temperate-zone species, but this prediction has yet to be tested. We addressed this data ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1318190111
更新日期:2014-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Ca(2+) influx triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Here we demonstrate a role of Ras-related in brain 3 (Rab3)-interacting molecules 2α and β (RIM2α and RIM2β) in clustering voltage-gated CaV1.3 Ca(2+) channels at the AZs of sensory inner hair cells (IHCs). We show that IHCs of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1417207112
更新日期:2015-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::The complete amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis nonmuscle myosin heavy chain B (MHC-B) has been deduced from overlapping cDNA clones isolated from an XTC cell library. RNA blots of various developmental stages, adult tissues, and XTC cells detect a single transcript of 7.5 kb which is expressed at similar levels th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2856
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic, low grade, sterile inflammation frequently accompanies aging and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is associated with the production of proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling proteases, which comprise the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1515386112
更新日期:2015-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the differentiation potential of precursor cells within the developing spinal cord of mice and have shown that spinal cord cells from embryonic day 10 specifically give rise to neurons when plated onto an astrocytic monolayer, Ast-1. These neurons had the morphology of motor neurons and > 83% expr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10079
更新日期:1995-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::A primary muscle cell culture derived from newborn rabbit muscle and growing on microcarriers in suspension was established. When cultured for several weeks, the myotubes in this model develop the completely adult pattern of fast myosin light and heavy chains. When Ca2+ ionophore is added to the culture medium on day ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.4205
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The hammerhead ribozyme, as engineered by J. Haseloff and W. L. Gerlach [(1988) Nature (London) 334, 585-591], is an RNA molecule containing two regions of conserved nucleotides, a double helix, called helix II, which connects the two conserved regions, and flanking arms of variable sequence, which hybridize the riboz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5710
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a given tRNA molecule was established in evolution before its cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The earlier appearance of tRNA versus their metabolically related enzymes is a prediction of the RNA world theory, but the available synthetase and tRNA sequences pre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11295
更新日期:1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide growth factors were isolated from conditioned medium derived from rice (Oryza sativa L.) suspension cultures and identified to be a sulfated pentapeptide [H-Tyr(SO3H)-Ile-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gln-OH] and its C-terminal-truncated tetrapeptide [H-Tyr(SO3H)-Ile-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-OH]. These structures were identical to the p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13357
更新日期:1997-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the myosin filaments in muscle, the most important in terms of human health, and so far the least studied, are those in the human heart. Here we report a 3D single-particle analysis of electron micrograph images of negatively stained myosin filaments isolated from human cardiac muscle in the normal (undiseased)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212708110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical models have been developed to explore the population dynamics of viral diseases among wildlife. However, assessing the predictions stemming from these models with wildlife databases adequate in size and temporal duration is uncommon. An epizootic of raccoon rabies that began in the mid-Atlantic region of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.240326697
更新日期:2000-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::A promising strategy for DNA sequencing exploits transposons to provide mobile sites for the binding of sequencing primers. For such a strategy to be maximally efficient, the location and orientation of the transposon must be readily determined and the insertion sites should be randomly distributed. We demonstrate an ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6213
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in either of two unlinked genes, RAM1 or RAM2, abolish the farnesyltransferase activity responsible for prenylation of Ras proteins and the a-factor mating pheromone. Here we report that the function of RAM1 and RAM2 genes is required for the membrane localization of Ra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11373
更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Forests play a key role in the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the main uncertainties in global change predictions lies in how the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest productivity will be affected by climate warming. Here we show an increasing influence of climate on the spatial variability of tree grow...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1514717113
更新日期:2016-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a regulatory molecule for many cell functions, both for intracellular and, perhaps less well known, extracellular functions. An important example of the latter involves red blood cells (RBCs), which help regulate blood pressure by releasing ATP as a vasodilatory signaling molecule in re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805779105
更新日期:2008-10-28 00:00:00