Abstract:
:The etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) continues to be elusive. While ASDs have been shown to be heritable, several environmental co-factors, such as, e.g. pre- or perinatal adverse events, could play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder as well. Prevalence of ASDs appears to have increased in the last three decades, but the causes of this surge are not fully understood. As perinatal adverse events have increased as well, they have been regarded as logical contributors to the risen prevalence of ASDs. Over the last three decades there has been also a considerable increase in the rates of induced labor and caesarean sections (CS). However, even if a causal association between CS and ASDs increase has been suggested, it has not yet been proven. Nevertheless, we hypothesize here that such an association is actual and that it might help to explain a part of the increase in ASD diagnoses. Our assumption is based on the wider epidemiological picture of ASDs and CS, as well as on the possible biological plausibility of this correlation, by postulating potential epigenetic and neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this relationship. Today, several observations point toward the existence of epigenetic dysregulation in ASDs and this raises the issue of the role of environmental factors in bringing about epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic dysregulations in some brain neuropeptide systems could play a role in the behavioral dysfunctions of ASDs. Particularly, some evidence suggests a dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system in autistic brains. Perinatal alterations of oxytocin (OT) can also have life-long lasting effects on the development of social behaviors. Within the perinatal period, various processes, like pitocin infusion or CS, can alter the OT balance in the newborn; OT dysregulation could then interact with genetic factors, leading ultimately to the development of ASDs. Large long-term prospective studies are needed to identify causal pathways for ASDs and examine whether and how (epi-)genetic susceptibility interacts with obstetric risk factors in the development of ASDs. A better understanding of such a potential interplay could become paradigmatic for a wide range of genetic-environmental interactions in ASDs.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Gialloreti LE,Benvenuto A,Benassi F,Curatolo Pdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
713-8issue
6eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(14)00113-3journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In a previous paper, I have proposed that the deficiency of an endogenous caffeine-like substance is the underlying pathogenic mechanism in schizophrenia (1). In the present paper, my new concept is used to explain many of the clinical, biochemical, radiologic and pharmacologic facts about schizophrenia. ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(91)90261-v
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.10.016
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(85)90045-3
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90100-4
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.004
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.026
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.032
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.016
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00410-3
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.005
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.06.013
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.040
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(75)90002-x
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00324-9
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Geldanamycin, which is one of the most potent and effective hsp90 alpha inhibitor until date, is normally used to target breast cancer. Inhibition of hsp90 alpha leads to the degradation of client proteins involved in the initiation and progress of breast cancer pathogenesis. Hence, Geldanamycin has been wid...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.06.012
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109265
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.11.018
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(90)90025-a
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.050
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90140-5
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anorexia nervosa was explored as the possible expression of an aberration of the processing of information which ordinarily has value in life protection or extension. Each of 6 areas was briefly reviewed, and noted to have the potential for failure to balance 2 or more factors. Anorexia nervosa may prove to be a psych...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(90)90079-t
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone grafting uses a wide range of materials derived mainly from exogenous sources. Autogenous teeth are often used fresh or fixed with alcohol for later use. Proposed here is a method of using cryogenically preserved autogenous extracted teeth, which could be macerated after thawing. This method avoids the possibilit...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.028
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and electroacupuncture (EA) at specific acupoints have both shown promising anticonvulsant effects in intractable epilepsy patients. The differences between these therapies are target selection and stimulation parameter modulation. It has been demonstrated that EA of the extremities resul...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109249
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This hypothesis named Salerian Addictive Potential (SAP) suggests that the addictive potency of any substance may be calculated with an algebraic equation of A=E/T(max)xt(1/2), where A is the addictive potency, E represents the euphoric potency, T(max) is the time to reach peak plasma concentration, and t(1/2) is the ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.008
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility that Hematopoiesis is under CNS control has been discussed in the literature; but never been conclusively proved at the molecular level. Evidence in the form of antigenic similarity between murine brain and the Stem Cell, and the decline in the number of Stem Cells following the lesioning of the Locus ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(88)90010-2
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00