Heparinoids activate a protease, secreted by mucosa and tumors, via tethering supplemented by allostery.

Abstract:

:Activation by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is an emerging trend among extracellular proteases important in disease. ProMMP-7, the zymogen of a matrix metalloproteinase secreted by mucosal epithelial and tumor cells, is activated at their surfaces by sulfated GAGs, but how? ProMMP-7 is activated in trans by representative heparin oligosaccharides in a length-dependent manner, with a large jump in activation at lengths of 16 monosaccharides. Imaging by atomic force microscopy visualized small complexes of proMMP-7 molecules linked by 8-mer lengths of heparinoids and extended assembles formed with 16-mer lengths of heparin. Complexes of proMMP-7 with polydisperse heparin or heparan sulfate were more diverse. Heparinoids evidently accelerate activation by tethering multiple proMMP-7 molecules together for proteolytic attack among neighbors. Removal of either the prodomain or C-terminal peptide sequence of KRSNSRKK from MMP-7 prevents formation of the long arrays induced by heparin 16-mers or heparan sulfate. The role of the C-terminus in activation assays suggests it contributes to remote, allosteric binding of GAGs. Enhancement of proteolytic velocity of MMP-by GAGs indicates them to be effectors of V-type allostery. GAGs from proteoglycans appear to assemble proMMP-7 molecules for activation, an event preceding its tumorigenic or antibacterial proteolytic activities at cell surfaces.

journal_name

ACS Chem Biol

journal_title

ACS chemical biology

authors

Fulcher YG,Sanganna Gari RR,Frey NC,Zhang F,Linhardt RJ,King GM,Van Doren SR

doi

10.1021/cb400898t

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-04-18 00:00:00

pages

957-66

issue

4

eissn

1554-8929

issn

1554-8937

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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