Bacteriophages as pathogens and immune modulators?

abstract：:The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, like many related Firmicutes, uses the nucleotide second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, osmotic stress, and the presence of cell wall-acting antibiotics. In rich medium, c-di-AMP is essential; however, muta...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Peterson BN,Young MKM,Luo S,Wang J,Whiteley AT,Woodward JJ,Tong L,Wang JD,Portnoy DA

更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteasome is a major protein degradation machinery with essential and diverse biological functions. Upon induction by cytokines, proteasome subunits β1, β2, and β5 are replaced by β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1, and β5i/LMP7, resulting in the formation of an immunoproteasome (iProteasome). iProteasome-degraded products are...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Yang Y,Liu W,Hu D,Su R,Ji M,Huang Y,Shereen MA,Xu X,Luo Z,Zhang Q,Liu F,Wu K,Liu Y,Wu J

更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The hospital environment is a potential reservoir of bacteria with plasmids conferring carbapenem resistance. Our Hospital Epidemiology Service routinely performs extensive sampling of high-touch surfaces, sinks, and other locations in the hospital. Over a 2-year period, additional sampling was conducted at a broader ...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Weingarten RA,Johnson RC,Conlan S,Ramsburg AM,Dekker JP,Lau AF,Khil P,Odom RT,Deming C,Park M,Thomas PJ,NISC Comparative Sequencing Program.,Henderson DK,Palmore TN,Segre JA,Frank KM

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Viruses of the Enterovirus genus of picornaviruses, including poliovirus, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and human rhinovirus, commandeer the functions of host cell proteins to aid in the replication of their small viral genomic RNAs during infection. One of these host proteins is a cellular DNA repair enzyme kno...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Maciejewski S,Nguyen JH,Gómez-Herreros F,Cortés-Ledesma F,Caldecott KW,Semler BL

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncultured and therefore uncharacterized Bacteroidetes lineages are ubiquitous in many natural ecosystems which specialize in lignocellulose degradation. However, their metabolic contribution remains mysterious, as well-studied cultured Bacteroidetes have been shown to degrade only soluble polysaccharides within the h...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Naas AE,Mackenzie AK,Mravec J,Schückel J,Willats WG,Eijsink VG,Pope PB

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane repair emerges as an innate defense protecting target cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins. Here, we report the first paradigm of Ca2+-dependent repair following attack by a small β-pore-forming toxin, namely, plasmid-encoded phobalysin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae In striking contrast, V...

journal_title：mBio

authors： von Hoven G,Rivas AJ,Neukirch C,Meyenburg M,Qin Q,Parekh S,Hellmann N,Husmann M

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects a wide variety of vertebrate species globally. Infection in most hosts causes a lifelong chronic infection and generates immunological memory responses that protect the host against new infections. In regions where the organism is endemic, multiple exposur...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Jensen KD,Camejo A,Melo MB,Cordeiro C,Julien L,Grotenbreg GM,Frickel EM,Ploegh HL,Young L,Saeij JP

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral 2',5'-phosphodiesterases (2',5'-PDEs) help disparate RNA viruses evade the antiviral activity of interferon (IFN) by degrading 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) activators of RNase L. A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) bind the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) to localize and organize cyclic AMP (cAMP) s...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Gusho E,Zhang R,Jha BK,Thornbrough JM,Dong B,Gaughan C,Elliott R,Weiss SR,Silverman RH

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To address the question of how microbial diversity and function in the oral cavities of children relates to caries diagnosis, we surveyed the supragingival plaque biofilm microbiome in 44 juvenile twin pairs. Using shotgun sequencing, we constructed a genome encyclopedia describing the core supragingival plaque microb...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Espinoza JL,Harkins DM,Torralba M,Gomez A,Highlander SK,Jones MB,Leong P,Saffery R,Bockmann M,Kuelbs C,Inman JM,Hughes T,Craig JM,Nelson KE,Dupont CL

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:As diet is considered the major regulator of the gut ecosystem, the overall objective of this work was to demonstrate that a detailed knowledge of the phytochemical composition of food could add to our understanding of observed changes in functionality and activity of the gut microbiota. We used metatranscri...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Ni Y,Li J,Panagiotou G

更新日期：2015-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase catalyzes the last step of the elongation cycle in the synthesis of bacterial fatty acids. The Enterococcus faecalis genome contains two genes annotated as enoyl-ACP reductases, a FabI-type enoyl-ACP reductase and a FabK-type enoyl-ACP reductase. We report tha...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Zhu L,Bi H,Ma J,Hu Z,Zhang W,Cronan JE,Wang H

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans is the main etiologic agent of cryptococcal meningitis and causes a significant number of deadly infections per year. Although it is well appreciated that host immune responses are crucial for defense against cryptococcosis, our understanding of factors that control the development of effective...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Masso-Silva J,Espinosa V,Liu TB,Wang Y,Xue C,Rivera A

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii employs a vast array of effector proteins from the rhoptry and dense granule organelles to modulate host cell biology; these effectors are known as ROPs and GRAs, respectively. To examine the individual impacts of ROPs and GRAs on host gene expression, we developed a robust...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Rastogi S,Xue Y,Quake SR,Boothroyd JC

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), along with other members of the herpesvirus family, requires a set of viral glycoproteins to mediate host cell attachment and entry. Viral glycoprotein B (gB), a highly conserved glycoprotein within the herpesvirus family, is thought to be the viral fusogen based on structural compa...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Garcia NJ,Chen J,Longnecker R

更新日期：2013-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Type III secretion systems (T3SS) translocate effector proteins into target cells in order to disrupt or modulate host cell signaling pathways and establish replicative niches. However, recognition of T3SS activity by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine ric...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Zwack EE,Snyder AG,Wynosky-Dolfi MA,Ruthel G,Philip NH,Marketon MM,Francis MS,Bliska JB,Brodsky IE

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila lacks a digestive system but completely relies on bacterial endosymbionts for nutrition. Although the symbiont has been studied in detail on the molecular level, such analyses were unavailable for the animal host, because sequence information was lacking. To identify host-symbio...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Hinzke T,Kleiner M,Breusing C,Felbeck H,Häsler R,Sievert SM,Schlüter R,Rosenstiel P,Reusch TBH,Schweder T,Markert S

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Can accumulation of a normally transient metabolite affect fungal biology? UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose (UDP-KDG) represents an intermediate stage in conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-rhamnose. Normally, UDP-KDG is not detected in living cells, because it is quickly converted to UDP-rhamnose by the enzyme UDP-4-keto-6-deo...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Ma L,Salas O,Bowler K,Bar-Peled M,Sharon A

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Vaginal HIV microbicides offer great promise in preventing HIV transmission, but failures of phase 3 clinical trials, in which microbicide-treated subjects had an increased risk of HIV transmission, raised concerns about endpoints used to evaluate microbicide safety. A possible explanation for the increased ...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Ravel J,Gajer P,Fu L,Mauck CK,Koenig SS,Sakamoto J,Motsinger-Reif AA,Doncel GF,Zeichner SL

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The newly emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a severe respiratory infection with a high mortality rate (~35%). MERS-CoV has been a global threat due to continuous outbreaks in the Arabian peninsula and international spread by infected travelers since 2012. From May to Jul...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Kim Y,Cheon S,Min CK,Sohn KM,Kang YJ,Cha YJ,Kang JI,Han SK,Ha NY,Kim G,Aigerim A,Shin HM,Choi MS,Kim S,Cho HS,Kim YS,Cho NH

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an emerging opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly. Invasive infections by S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus are strongly linked to the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC). It was previously shown that increased secondary ...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Harrington A,Proutière A,Mull RW,du Merle L,Dramsi S,Tal-Gan Y

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Like their cellular hosts, herpesviruses are subject to the regulatory impacts of chromatin assembled on their genomes. Upon infection, these viruses are assembled into domains of chromatin with heterochromatic signatures that suppress viral gene expression or euchromatic characteristics that promote gene expression. ...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Kristie TM

更新日期：2016-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Rarely, if ever, has a single bacterial cell been confirmed to simultaneously host two fundamentally different predators. Two such predators are viruses and the predatory prokaryotes known as Bdellovibrio and like organisms. Viruses or bacteriophage are particles requiring prey cells in an active metabolic s...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Chen H,Williams HN

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by nitrogenase, a complex metalloenzyme found only in prokaryotes. N2 fixation is energetically highly expensive, and an energy-generating process such as photosynthesis can meet the energy demand of N2 fixation. However, synthesis and expression of nitrogenase are exquisitely...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Liu D,Liberton M,Yu J,Pakrasi HB,Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi M

更新日期：2018-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Significant gut microbiota heterogeneity exists among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, though the clinical implications of this variance are unknown. We hypothesized that ethnically distinct UC patients exhibit discrete gut microbiotas with unique metabolic programming that differentially influence immune a...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Mar JS,LaMere BJ,Lin DL,Levan S,Nazareth M,Mahadevan U,Lynch SV

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoviruses infect fungi, and while most persist asymptomatically, there are examples of mycoviruses having both beneficial and detrimental effects on their host. Virus-infected Saccharomyces and Ustilago strains exhibit a killer phenotype conferring a growth advantage over uninfected strains and other competing yeast...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Applen Clancey S,Ruchti F,LeibundGut-Landmann S,Heitman J,Ianiri G

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neuroinvasive flavivirus that now causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The innate and adaptive immune responses to WNV infection have been well studied in C57BL/6J inbred mice, but this model lacks the variations in susceptibility, immunity, and outcome t...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Graham JB,Thomas S,Swarts J,McMillan AA,Ferris MT,Suthar MS,Treuting PM,Ireton R,Gale M Jr,Lund JM

更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Fungal cell walls are predominantly composed of glucans, mannans, and chitin. Recognition of these glycans by the innate immune system is a critical component of host defenses against the mycoses. Complement, an important arm of innate immunity, plays a significant role in fungal pathogenesis, especially the...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Agarwal S,Specht CA,Haibin H,Ostroff GR,Ram S,Rice PA,Levitz SM

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase R (PKR) plays a major role in activating host immunity during infection by sensing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced by viruses. Once activated by dsRNA, PKR phosphorylates the translation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), halting cellular translation. Many viruses have methods of inhib...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Goodman DE,Pretto CD,Krepostman TA,Carnahan KE,Spindler KR

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatments targeting the Ebola virus may eventually be shown to work, but they will not have an impact on overall Ebola mortality in West Africa. Endothelial dysfunction is responsible for the fluid and electrolyte imbalances seen in Ebola patients. Because inexpensive generic statins and angiotensin receptor blockers...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Fedson DS,Jacobson JR,Rordam OM,Opal SM

更新日期：2015-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) is a powerful high-throughput genetic technique that is transforming functional genomics in prokaryotes, because it enables genome-wide mapping of the determinants of fitness. However, current approaches for analyzing TIS data assume that selective pressures are constant over time...

journal_title：mBio

authors： Yang G,Billings G,Hubbard TP,Park JS,Yin Leung K,Liu Q,Davis BM,Zhang Y,Wang Q,Waldor MK

更新日期：2017-10-03 00:00:00