Abstract：
:Microglia are brain macrophages, which can undergo multinucleation to give rise to multinucleated giant cells that accumulate with ageing and some brain pathologies. However, the origin, regulation and function of multinucleate microglia remain unclear. We found that inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide, amyloid β, α-synuclein, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon γ, but not interleukin-4, induced multinucleation of cultured microglia: primary rat cortical microglia and the murine microglial cell line BV-2. Inflammation-induced multinucleation was prevented by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Gö6976 (100 nM) and replicated by a PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate (160 nM). Multinucleation was reversible and not because of cell fusion or phagocytosis, but rather failure of cytokinesis. Time-lapse imaging revealed that some dividing cells failed to abscise, even after formation of long cytoplasmic bridges, followed by retraction of bridge and reversal of cleavage furrow to form multinucleate cells. Multinucleate microglia were larger and 2-4 fold more likely to phagocytose large beads and both dead and live PC12 cells. We conclude that multinucleate microglia are reversibly generated by inflammation via PKC inhibition of cytokinesis, and may have specialized functions/dysfunctions including the phagocytosis of other cells. Inflammation resulted in the accumulation of multiple nuclei per cell in cultured microglia. This multinucleation was reversible and due to a PKC-dependent block of the last step of cell division. Multinucleate microglia were larger and had a greater capacity to phagocytose other cells, suggesting they might remove neurons in the brain.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Hornik TC,Neniskyte U,Brown GCdoi
10.1111/jnc.12477subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
650-61issue
5eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
128pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In all the species examined thus far, the behavior of microglia during development appears to be highly stereotyped. This reproducibility supports the notion that these cells have a physiological role in development. Microglia are macrophages that migrate from the yolk sac and colonize the central nervous system early...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07504.x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has demonstrated that there is a selective increase in extracellular taurine in the brain during acute water intoxication. One aim of the present study was to investigate whether plasma taurine contributes to this increase. To this end, the concentrations of taurine, other amino acids, and ethanolamine (...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08204.x
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroimage analysis in alcoholic corpus callosum (CC) suggests that microstructural abnormalities are higher in the genu followed by the body and the splenium. Molecular mechanisms underlying these dysmorphologys are still unclear. Protein expression was performed using the CC body samples [(nine controls, seven uncom...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06141.x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemokine IL-8 is known to be synthesized by glial cells in the brain. It has traditionally been shown to have an important role in neuroinflammation but recent evidence indicates that it may also be involved in rapid signaling in neurons. We investigated how IL-8 participates in rapid neuronal signaling by using ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00469.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant comorbidity exists between alcohol and methamphetamine (Meth) abuse but the neurochemical consequences of this co-abuse are unknown. Alcohol and Meth independently and differentially affect glutamatergic transmission but the unique effects of their serial exposure on glutamate signaling in mediating dama...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14861
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cerebellar granule cells, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade mediates multiple functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In these cells, ERKs are activated by diverse stimuli, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), pi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04390.x
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant baculoviral vectors efficiently transduce several types of cells in the brain. To characterize host responses to virus challenge, thus verifying the suitability of using baculovirus for the development of gene therapy strategies in the central nervous system, we used cDNA microarray technology to examine i...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06015.x
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelin membrane synthesis in the CNS by oligodendrocytes (OLs) involves directed intracellular transport and targeting of copious amounts of specialized lipids and proteins over a relatively short time span. As in other plasma membrane-directed fusion, this process is expected to use specific trafficking and vesicle f...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720988.x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapsin I, a prominent phosphoprotein in nerve terminals, is proposed to modulate exocytosis by interaction with the cytoplasmic surface of small synaptic vesicles and cytoskeletal elements in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Tetanus toxin (TeTx), a potent inhibitor of neurotransmitter release, attenuated the depo...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08445.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-talk between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonin 5-HT receptors in rat cerebellar membranes was investigated using radioligand binding. In competition against the CB1 antagonist, [3 H]SR141716A, the agonist, WIN 55,212-2 yielded a biphasic isotherm. The majority of binding was to a high-affinity state that was signifi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00797.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present, treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is only symptomatic; therefore, it is important to identify new targets tackling the molecular causes of the disease. We previously found that lymphoblasts from sporadic PD patients display increased activity of the cyclin D3/CDK6/pRb pathway and higher proliferation ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13070
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study used an ethanol antagonist, increased atmospheric pressure, to test the hypothesis that ethanol acts on multiple sites in glycine receptors (GlyRs). The effects of 12 times normal atmospheric pressure of helium-oxygen gas (pressure) on ethanol-induced potentiation of GlyR function in Xenopus oocytes ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02390.x
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modulation of [3H]muscimol binding by picrotoxin, pentobarbitone, and etomidate was investigated in rat cerebellar and cerebral cortical membranes. In cerebellum, at 37 degrees C in the presence of chloride ions (150 mM), picrotoxin and picrotoxinin decreased specific [3H]muscimol binding to 43 +/- 3% of control, with...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb04758.x
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of biochemical and autoradiographic evidence for glucocorticoid binding sites in the spinal cord (SC), events occurring after the preliminary step of hormone binding were not studied. In this investigation, we have examined the transformation (activation) of the cytosolic receptor coupled to [3H]dexamethasone...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb10525.x
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the retina of the white perch (Roccus americanus). Both dopamine and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in this retina, but serotonin, an indoleamine, and phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, had no effect...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11801.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microelectrophoretic methods were used to study the effects on cat spinal neurones of a number of compounds structurally related to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists muscimol, THIP, and isoguvacine. While N-methylmuscimol was an agonist at bicuculline methochloride-sensitive GABA receptors, somewhat weaker t...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb12573.x
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in synaptosome-enriched fractions of rat brain was ascertained using a GLC technique. The stability of GHB in synaptosomes was evaluated by addition of various gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitors, GHB, or ethosuximide to the homogenizing mediu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb13147.x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms are caused by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The most common causes of hereditary PD are mutations in the PARKIN gene. The ubiquitin ligase parkin has been shown to mediate neuroprotection in cell culture and in vivo, but the molecular mechanisms a...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05277.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polypeptide composition and glycosylation of soluble isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in developing rat brain, CSF, and plasma were characterized. Soluble NCAM in rat brain consisted of several glycosylated isoforms. The degree of glycosylation was developmentally regulated. After desialylation, fo...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08321.x
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zebrafish, long recognized as a model organism for the analysis of basic developmental processes, is now also emerging as an alternative animal model for human diseases. This review will first provide an overview of the particular characteristics of zebrafish in general and their dopaminergic nervous system in par...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05463.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ammonia, amino acids (AA), and middle molecules (MM) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced acute hepatic coma in the pig. Hemodialysis (HD) using either a low- (Cuprophan = CU) or a high-permeability (polyacrylonitrile = AN 69) membrane has demonstrated the role of MM. Selective hemodialys...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb12646.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environment-induced relapse is a major concern in drug addiction because of the strong associations formed between drug reward and environment. Cocaine-conditioned place preference is an ideal experimental tool to examine adaptations in the molecular pathways that are activated upon re-exposure to an environment previ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05518.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible modulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity by protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated. Incubation of rat cerebellar slices with the specific metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylate (trans-ACPD) increased cyclic GMP concentration two-fold. The...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64031298.x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Altered aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression has been reported in brain edema, tumors, muscular dystrophy, and neuromyelitis optica. However, the plasma membrane organization of AQP4 and its interaction with proteins such as the dystrophin-associated protein complex are not well understood. In this study, we used sucrose den...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05302.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the axonal transport of actin and its monomer binding proteins, actin depolymerizing factor, cofilin, and profilin, in the chicken sciatic nerve following injection of [35S]methionine into the lumbar spinal cord. At intervals up to 20 days after injection, nerves were cut into 1-cm segments and separated i...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031225.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glutamine cycle has been proposed as a pathway in which glutamine synthesized in glia provides substrate for synthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA as they are lost from neurons. To test whether GABA may regulate this pathway, the effect of elevated GABA on the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase was ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010355.x
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chronic treatment with the specific, mechanism-based, irreversible inhibitors of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19; GABA transaminase), ethanolamine O-sulphate (EOS), and 4-aminohexenoate [vigabatrin; gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG)] on the extracellular concentrations of GABA in the hippocampus have...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052256.x
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Edaravone (Eda) is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and has been demonstrated to be beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study was set out to investigate whether Eda protect against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in rat primary cultured astrocytes. The results showed that pre-treatment with Eda...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05573.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The loss of ATP, which is needed for ionic homeostasis, is an early event in the neurotoxicity of glutamate and beta-amyloid (A(beta)). We hypothesize that cells supplemented with the precursor creatine make more phosphocreatine (PCr) and create larger energy reserves with consequent neuroprotection against stressors....
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741968.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:35SO4-labeled fast-transported proteins of bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their mobilities were compared to similar species labeled with [3H]mannose or [3H]fucose. Fluorography revealed regions of poorly resolved, high molecular weight material, likely ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09055.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
