Abstract：
:Clostridium botulinum type A toxin is the most prevalent cause of naturally occurring outbreaks of human botulism in the world. The active dichain neurotoxin molecule is composed of a heavy chain (H-chain) of ~100 kDa with the carboxy-terminal end consisting of a receptor-binding (HC) domain, while the amino-terminal (HN) domain is linked by a critical disulfide bond to a light chain (L-chain) of ~50 kDa. Although the mouse bioassay (MBA) is traditionally used to confirm the presence of toxin in serum or food, its sensitivity is insufficient to detect low toxin levels in approximately 30 to 60 % of botulism patients. A novel FDC (functional dual coating) microtitre plate immuno-biochemical assay, which quantifies botulinum toxicity by measuring the HC domain linked with L-chain endopeptidase activity, was modified to allow human serum (lysed or unlysed) to be tested without interference from the matrix, with toxin detection down to 0.03 mouse LD50 per ml serum or 0.13 pg ml(-1) using just 100 µl of clinical samples. The assay was specific for type A toxin and could additionally be applied to whole blood and food samples. Low levels of 1 to 2 mouse LD50 per ml serum of type A toxin were quantified for the first time using the modified FDC assay in two severely intoxicated UK patients who required mechanical ventilation and antitoxin. Toxin levels in recovered food sample extracts were also detected and one MBA-negative sample was found to contain 0.32 LD50 per ml extract. The FDC assay provides a real alternative for public health laboratories to unambiguously confirm all cases of type A botulism and, due to its sensitivity, a promising new tool in toxin pharmacokinetic studies.
journal_name
J Med Microbioljournal_title
Journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Jones RGA,Marks JDdoi
10.1099/jmm.0.053124-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
828-835issue
Pt 6eissn
0022-2615issn
1473-5644journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Different aspects of the terms strain, clone and species are discussed. The term strain is commonly used to denote a pure culture - here called 'the strain in the taxonomic sense' - but does also refer to a natural concept closely related to the clone. The term clone on the other hand is used both in a general and in ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-49-5-397
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abstract：:Aspiration of oropharyngeal bacteria and fungi is occasionally suspected in patients with pneumonia. A patient with oral carcinoma underwent chemoradioimmunotherapy and, about 4 weeks from the start of the therapy, the patient suffered from severe oral mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy, and candidal pneumonia was...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
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doi：10.1099/jmm.0.45769-0
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years. The most common human G-types are G1-4 and G9. G12 genotype is currently emerging worldwide, becoming the sixth most prevalent RVA G-genotype. In Tunisia, an emergence of G12 RVA strains was observed. To und...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000420
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections can be performed on urine samples and genital swabs using molecular techniques. A novel approach was developed that combined an automated extraction procedure, an automated liquid-handling system and real-time PCR to detect C. trachomatis from urine or swabs. This novel r...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46675-0
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A collection of 201 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was examined: 152 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) comprised 48 blood culture isolates (BC) and 58 isolates from routine diagnostic specimens (RD) from Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GRI), and 46 strains from nasal swabs of patients attending a general practitioner...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
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doi：10.1099/00222615-36-3-164
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evaluation of five ELISA methods for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis was undertaken by comparing a laboratory-produced ELISA employing two recombinant Toxoplasma gondii polypeptides as antigen with a laboratory-produced ELISA and three commercially available ELISAs employing traditional parasite antigen prepar...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
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doi：10.1099/00222615-37-6-404
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Introduction. PCV2 is a DNA virus that exists widely in pigs and has caused great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. In the existing commercial PCV2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits both natural infection with PCV2 and vaccine immunization produce results that are positive for PCV2 Cap antibo...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.001230
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000548
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.45960-0
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.049163-0
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46457-0
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have emerged globally and have been associated with more severe disease than healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory measures of virulence can distinguish dominant CA-MRSA clones from H...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000379
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acinetobacter junii is a rare human pathogen associated with bacteraemia in neonates and paediatric oncology patients. We present a case of A. junii causing bacteraemia in an adult transplant patient with leukaemia. The correct identification of Acinetobacter species can highlight the clinical significance of the diff...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.024596-0
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from human neutrophils was investigated after their internalisation of the invasive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. Three pairs of bacterial strains were used to study the influence of listeriolysin O, invasiveness and Yersinia virulence plasmid (pYV)-en...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-47-1-55
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty-eight isolates of Shigella sonnei from three outbreaks in school children and eight control isolates from epidemiologically unrelated sporadic clinical infections in Taiwan were compared by antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular typing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all strains except on...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-49-4-355
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori specific IgG antibodies in specimens of oral fluid. Antral biopsy specimens, serum and oral fluid samples were collected from 81 patients attending for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-48-11-1043
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.001060
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The care of many patients undergoing long-term bladder catheterization is frequently complicated by infection with Proteus mirabilis. These organisms colonize the catheter, forming surface biofilm communities, and their urease activity generates alkaline conditions under which crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46123-0
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase. It cleaves the pentaglycine cross-bridge structure unique to the staphylococcal cell wall and is considered to be a potential drug for Staphylococcus aureus. In the present study, the in vitro activity of recombinant lysostaphin was investigated in 257 S. aureus isolates c...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46788-0
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.051243-0
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-11-4-441
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 28 isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (10 from diarrhoeal patients and 18 from environmental sources) examined for haemolytic activity and its correlation, if any, with enterotoxic activity, 24 showed haemolysis. The four non-haemolytic isolates showed haemolysis after consecutive passages through rabbit ileal loop...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-45-1-35
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 110 clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa isolated in a recent outbreak from different districts of Teheran, Iran, was subjected to 99 carbon source utilisation tests, ribotyping and toxinogenotyping. PCR showed that the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxA), toxin co-regulated...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-49-12-1085
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the influence of the carbon source of the growth medium, strains of Candida albicans and source of epithelial cells, and the influence of smoking and gender, on the adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells from insulin-using diabetic patients. Adhesion was determined by an autologous adhesio...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-49-3-291
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Pertussis remains a public health concern in most countries. Our study aimed to prospectively explore the epidemiology of pertussis in the Tunis area of Tunisia between 2007 and 2016, and to characterize the virulence-associated genes of the collected Bordetella pertussis isolates. METHODOLOGY:Infants and chil...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000892
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cosmid DNA library had been constructed previously from 40-kb fragments of genomic DNA from a virulent invasive strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (TML) in an avirulent hypo-invasive Typhimurium strain (LT7). Selection of invasive clones from the library was attempted by iterative passage through a r...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-51-3-247
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection of humans by Abiotrophia defectiva, a nutritionally variant streptococcus, most commonly takes the form of endocarditis, though a variety of other manifestations ranging from central nervous system abscesses to orthopaedic infections have been seen. We report here what we believe is the first case of bullous...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.041301-0
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
