Abstract:
:Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a common paired-pulse TMS technique that is used to measure GABAa-ergic inhibition in the cerebral motor cortex. However, inhibition evaluated with an interstimulus interval (ISI) between the TMS pulses of 2.5 ms has quite different properties from that seen at 1 ms. It is thought that the latter may represent either (or both) a different type of synaptic inhibition or refractoriness of neural membranes. The present experiments provide further evidence about the early and late components of SICI using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a technique thought to change neural excitability by polarising the nerve membranes. We assessed SICI using a threshold tracking method at a range of ISIs during concurrent application of tDCS in 11 healthy volunteers (8 males, 27-43 years old). Each subject underwent both anodal and cathodal tDCS with two different intensities of stimulation (1 and 2 mA). Because there was no significant difference between the results at the two intensities, the data were combined. Principal component analysis was used to separate the contributions of early and late SICI to the time course of inhibition from 1 to 5 ms tDCS had opposite effects on early and late SICI. Anodal tDCS reduced late SICI but enhanced early SICI, whereas cathodal tDCS had the opposite effect. This is further evidence that the two phases of SICI are produced by different mechanisms, perhaps involving different sets of neurones or different locations on the same neurone that respond oppositely to tDCS.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Cengiz B,Murase N,Rothwell JCdoi
10.1007/s00221-012-3369-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
321-31issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
225pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Variations of the µ-opioid receptor gene OPRM1 have been shown to modulate pain perception with some evidence pointing towards a modulation of not only physical but also "psychological pain". In line with suggestions of a common neural network involved in the processing of physical pain and negative and distressing st...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4322-9
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have indicated that the geniohyoid (GH) muscle is innervated by efferent axons from both the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and ansa cervicalis. To clarify the physiological significance of this dual innervation of the GH muscle, we examined properties of efferent innervations in rat GH muscle using elect...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1529-y
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electrophysiological properties of neurons of the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagnonal band of Broca (MS/DB) were studied using intracellular methods in urethane-anesthetized rats. Three types of rhythmically bursting neurons were identified in vivo on the basis of their action potential shapes a...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005653
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative autoradiography was used to examine central binding sites for L-[3H]glutamate in amygdaloid-kindled rats since receptors for excitatory amino acids have been implicated in epileptiform activity and seizure behaviors. In tissue from rats killed five days after two kindled seizures, the ipsilateral hippocam...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231751
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both human and animal research indicate that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) plays an important role in the processing of emotional information. REM is altered after fear conditioning in rats, but this alteration can be mitigated by exposure to a naïve conspecific. In addition, both the housing condition (isolated vs p...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3828-x
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was intermittently suppressed by fixating a head-fixed target (light on: 9 s; darkness: 2 s) during whole-body (60-100 deg/s peak; 0.01-0.17 Hz) sinusoidal and triangular oscillation about the vertical axis for about 2 min. Eye movements associated with intervals of darkness at differ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00261343
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and primary motor cortex. Deficit in the motor function is one of the clinical features of this disease. However, the association between adverse morphological alterat...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05969-7
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden stretch of active muscle typically results in two characteristic electromyographic responses: the short latency M1 and the long latency M2. The M1 response originates from the monosynaptic Ia afferent reflex pathway. The M2 response is less well understood and is likely a compound response to different afferent...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1647-7
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The control of self-motion is supported by visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive signals. Recent research has shown how these signals interact in the monkey medio-superior temporal area (area MST) to enhance and disambiguate the perception of heading during self-motion. Area MST is a central stage for self-motion pro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1990-3
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythmic interlimb coordination is characterized by attraction to stable phase and frequency relations. Sudden, unintended transitions between such coordination patterns have been observed in iso- and multifrequency tasks when movement frequency was gradually increased. These transitions have been accounted for by mod...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002210050257
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postischemic spontaneous hyperthermia as a complication of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with an intraluminal filament has been observed by some authors, but many other reports do not discuss this factor. The possible reasons why some of the authors have not seen severe hyperthermia in their experiments incl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0909-4
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cats with a natural convergent squint were discovered within a colony of normal Mill Hill cats. In two of them single unit recording was undertaken in area 17. The ocular dominance distribution showed a clear disruption of binocularity in both hemispheres. This lack of binocular units was comparable to cats with artif...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236640
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In anesthetized and paralyzed cats, the normal alignment of the visual axes is disturbed by paralysis of the eye muscles. Thus, the separation between paired receptive fields of binocular cells in visual cortex is increased (paralysis squint). This increased separation is normally tolerated by the majority of visuocor...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00249802
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four normal human subjects we measured eye movements during full-field optokinetic stimulation (10-220 deg/s) and determined the relationship among retinal-slip velocity (drum velocity minus slow-phase eye velocity), the slow-phase velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and the initial value of the slow-phase velo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230099
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordination is often observed as body parts moving together. However, when producing force with multiple fingers, the optimal coordination is not to produce similar forces with each finger, but rather for each finger to correct mistakes of other fingers. In this study, we aim to determine whether and how this skill d...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5093-2
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organisation of the human neuromuscular-skeletal system allows an extremely wide variety of actions to be performed, often with great dexterity. Adaptations associated with skill acquisition occur at all levels of the neuromuscular-skeletal system although all neural adaptations are inevitably constrained by the o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0547-y
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemoreceptor pathways from the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and main olfactory system are known to be separate as they pass into the brain, at least until the level of the amygdala. In the amygdala, vomeronasal pathways project to the posteromedial cortical nucleus (PMCN), and medial nucleus (MN). The main olfactory path...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247024
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that lagged and non-lagged cells in the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) represent state-dependent response modes of the same class of LGN cells. In two separate experiments with single-unit recording in the LGN of anaesthetized and paralysed adult cats, a lagged and a nonlagged X-cell...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02259147
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During cerebral neocortical development, excitatory neurons are generated from radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from secondary progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ); these neurons then migrate toward the pial surface. We have observed that post-mitotic neurons generated directly in the VZ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2933-3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volume conduction measurements were carried out the brachial biceps, tibialis anterior and deltoid, in normal human subjects. Attenuation constant K and time constant tau of the muscle tissue transfer function were measured, and the average electrode uptake area calculated for the three muscles. The average number of ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238380
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successive motor unit (MU) twitches often do not sum linearly. Also, muscle spindle (MS) afferents may react nonlinearly to MU contractions occurring at short intervals. Little data is presently available on the interactions between two (or more) MUs regarding their effects on tension output and MS responses. We have ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237486
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fast backward trunk movements are accompanied by hip, knee and ankle rotation which compensate for the backward shift of the center of gravity. The electromyographic pattern associated with the performance of these movements and the associated synergies consists of a fairly synchronous activation of the prime mover (e...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248275
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as it is the precursor of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides accumulating in amyloid plaques. The processing of APP and the pathogenic features of especially Aβ oligomers have been analyzed in detail. Remarkably, there is accumulating evi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2878-6
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that brain injury can impair the ability to independently activate shoulder and elbow muscles. We hypothesized that if muscle activation patterns are constrained, then brain-injured subjects should not be able to accurately grade initial hand movement direction during reaching toward a broad r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1055-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well known that the corticospinal system exerts more influence over distal (hand and fingers) than proximal (elbow and shoulder) upper limb muscles, differences in the importance of this system for voluntary activation of these muscle groups have not been demonstrated directly. Two investigations were c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050926
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that TMS can induce blinking, but it is unknown to what extent and at what time TMS-induced blinking can cover the pupil. We applied single-pulse TMS with a leftward and rightward monophasic current through a round coil over the occipital pole in 8 healthy subjects, using high-speed video to monitor left o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2626-y
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the synaptic connections between pairs of Bötzinger-complex, bulbospinal expiratory neurons in decerebrate rats. All were antidromically activated from the spinal cord at the C2-C3 border. Cross-correlation histograms of 18 ipsilateral pairs showed troughs on both sides of time zero (8) and to one side of ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050701
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual d...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1817-2
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the circuitry between the utricular (UT) nerve and ventral neck motoneurons innervating the longus capitis (LC), a neck flexor muscle, in decerebrate cats. We recorded intracellularly from 63 LC (ipsilateral 37, contralateral 26) motoneurons in C1 and C2 segments. UT nerve stimulation evoked disynaptic, exc...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00233975
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The firing patterns of single raphe units at the posterior midbrain level were examined in chloralosed rats to assess the effects of cerebellar stimulation and/or harmaline administration. Raphe cells were grouped according to their spontaneous firing rate and other characteristics into two categories. From a total sa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237211
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00