Abstract：
:Fast backward trunk movements are accompanied by hip, knee and ankle rotation which compensate for the backward shift of the center of gravity. The electromyographic pattern associated with the performance of these movements and the associated synergies consists of a fairly synchronous activation of the prime mover (erectores spinae) and the muscles situated at the back of the leg (hamstring, calf muscles). This pattern is called the "non anticipated pattern". The effect of training on the EMG pattern and on the subjects' mechanical performances was investigated by comparing a population of untrained subjects with one of highly trained gymnasts. A new EMG pattern was observed in the highly trained gymnasts, the "distally anticipated pattern" consisting of an early activation of the gastrocnemius, and in some subjects also of the hamstring, indicating that a long term adaptation had taken place. Performances expressed as a ratio between the displacement of the center of gravity projection onto the ground and the velocity of the movement were clearly better in the gymnasts. Short term adaptation was found to occur in the gymnasts and not in the untrained group when the movement was performed while standing on a narrow support. A suppression of the distal gastrocnemius burst occurred in the gymnasts from the first trial under the constrained standing condition whereas no change occurred in the untrained group. The flexibility of the EMG patterns associated with axial movements occurring either spontaneously or as a result of long or short term training is discussed.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Pedotti A,Crenna P,Deat A,Frigo C,Massion Jdoi
10.1007/BF00248275subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-10issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Tactile motion perception is one of the most important functions for realizing a delicate appreciation of the tactile world. To explore the neural dynamics of motion processing in the brain, the motion adaptation phenomenon can be a useful probe. Tactile motion aftereffects (MAE), however, have not been reported in a ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-0979-z
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorsal horn neurons that express the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) play an important role in nociceptive processing. The targetting of NK-1R neurons by serotoninergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) axons would provide a straightforward means to exert an inhibitory analgesic effect at spinal level. This study used single ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2018-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine neurons appear to code an error in the prediction of reward. They are activated by unpredicted rewards, are not influenced by predicted rewards, and are depressed when a predicted reward is omitted. After conditioning, they respond to reward-predicting stimuli in a similar manner. With these characteristics, ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050467
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vibratory stimulation of the neck muscles can elicit illusory drift of a visual target; after vibration stops, motion in the opposite direction is perceived. This motion aftereffect (MAE) could be due to adaptation of proprioceptive mechanisms that encode head orientation, or at a stage where visual and proprioceptive...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-0910-7
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Second-order vestibular neurons of frogs receive converging monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs following electrical pulse stimulation of an individual semicircular canal nerve on the ipsilateral side. Here we revealed, in the in vitro frog brain, disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000544
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the contributions of lateral intracortical connections to the orientation tuning of area 17 cells using micro-iontophoresis of the inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to inactivate small cortical sites in the vicinity of a recorded cell. GABA was ejected from an array of micropipettes...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228003
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Encoding of visual target location in extrapersonal space requires convergence of at least three types of information: retinal signals, information about orbital eye positions, and the position of the head on the body. Since the position of gaze is the sum of the head position and the eye position, inaccuracy of spati...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00241543
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motor sequence learning is a process whereby a series of elementary movements is re-coded into an efficient representation for the entire sequence. Here we show that human subjects learn a visuomotor sequence by spontaneously chunking the elementary movements, while each chunk acts as a single memory unit. The subject...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1548-8
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gabapentin's main clinical use is in the treatment of neuropathic pain where its binding to neuronal alpha-2/delta subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) is critical to its mechanism of action. Over the past 10 years, there have been several reports of gabapentin also having anti-nausea and anti-emetic eff...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3905-1
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work was to study the neurochemical effects in the brain of GABA-transaminase inhibition by systemic administration of gabaculine (100 mg/kg, i.a.) in the rat. In order to investigate neurotransmitter and related amino-acid compartmentation and metabolism, we have developed an original tool: the coupli...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050802
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent morphological observations have suggested neurotransmitter specific degeneration of amongst others, the serotonergic system in the aged rat brain. However, morphological studies can only give a static picture of the events that take place over a period of several months. In the present study we used an experime...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230689
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracortical inhibition was investigated in normal human volunteers by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, using a new, computer-assisted threshold-tracking method. Motor threshold was defined as the stimulus amplitude required to evoke a motor evoked potential of 0.2 mV (peak-to-peak) in abductor pollici...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-001-0988-2
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cutaneous feedback in the agonist-antagonist co-activation mechanism during maximum voluntary force (MVF) production by the fingers. Seventeen healthy male subjects (age: 23.8 ± 1.0 years) were asked to press with maximal effort at their fingertips. Finger force...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3601-6
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is a common experience, immediately after the removal of a cast or a splint, to feel motor awkwardness, which is usually attributed to muscular and joint immobilization. However, the same feeling may also be perceived after a brief period of immobilization. We provide evidence that this last effect stems from chang...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3115-7
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjects exposed to a rotating environment that perturbs their postural sway show adaptive changes in their voluntary spatially directed postural motion to restore accurate movement paths but do not exhibit any obvious learning during passive stance. We have found, however, that a variable known to characterize the de...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3815-7
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single unit activity was studied in the dorsomedial edge of the frontal lobe, above the superior arcuate sulcus in three trained monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). Gaze and head movements were recorded with two magnetic search coils. Discharges preceding spontaneous eye movements in a preferred direction were consistently o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238971
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human walking dynamics are typically framed in the context of mechanics and energetics rather than in the context of neuromuscular control. Dynamic walking principles describe one helpful theoretical approach to characterize efficient human walking mechanics over many steps. These principles do not, however, address h...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3708-9
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern tools in technological environments are often characterized by a spatial separation of hand actions (operating a remote control) and their intended action effects (displayed movements of an unmanned vehicle, a robot, or an avatar on a screen). Often non-corresponding proximal and distal movement effects put hig...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3018-7
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the capacities of human subjects to intercept moving targets in a two-dimensional (2D) space. Subjects were instructed to intercept moving targets on a computer screen using a cursor controlled by an articulated 2D manipulandum. A target was presented in 1 of 18 combinations of three acceleration types...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/pl00005769
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports an investigation of the magnitude and timing of the stretch reflex over the full range of activation of flexor carpi radialis. While it is well established that the magnitude of the reflex increases with the level of muscle activation, there have been few studies of reflex magnitude above 50% of max...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1848-7
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied cognitive functions related to processing sensory and motor activities in the basal ganglia (BG), specifically in the putamen and in cortical structures forming the BG-frontocortical circuits. Intracerebral recordings were made from 160 brain sites in 32 epilepsy surgery candidates. We studied P3-like poten...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1901-6
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuron activity was recorded in monkey cerebral cortex during a visually guided reaching task. Cells located in the banks of the arcuate sulcus at its curvature changed their activity during the period in which the monkey saw a food reward in a certain position, but before it moved to retrieve the reward. A role of th...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238755
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cats, anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed, the responses of units in the right lateral thalamus were recorded while the extrinsic ocular muscles (EOM) of the right eye were stretched in the dark. Phasic responses were found in all layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and in the perigenicul...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236643
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity made in the lumbosacral spinal segments of the anesthetized cat have disclosed the existence of a set of neurons in Rexed's laminae III-VI that discharged in a highly synchronized manner during the occurrence of spontaneous negative cord dorsum potentials (nCDPs) and respo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1303-6
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual receptive field properties of neurons in the region of the thalamic internal medullary lamina were studied in alert cats while they fixated in various directions. In slightly more than 50% of the cells, the responsiveness of the cells was found to depend on the location of the stimulus with respect to the head-...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237535
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats probe objects with their whiskers and make decisions about sizes, shapes, textures and distances within a few tens of milliseconds. This perceptual analysis requires the processing of tactile high-frequency object components reflecting surface roughness. We have shown that neurons in the barrel cortex of rats enc...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4357-y
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the substantia nigra, anatomical, neurochemical and pharmacological findings strongly suggest that transmitter and protein are secreted from the dendrites of nigrostriatal neurones. This phenomenon may underlie a non classical modulatory cellular mechanism. Two conductances are generated in nigrostriatal neuron...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248875
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In situ hybridization was used to study the expression of prepro-neuropeptide Y (NPY), preprosomatostatin (SOM), preprotachykinin (PPT) and preprocholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA in caudate-putamen and frontoparietal cortex of rat brain with unilateral lesion of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neurons expressing NPY and SOM mRNA...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227990
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial properties of human binocular mechanisms were investigated using the technique of subthreshold summation. Isolation of binocular mechanisms was achieved by means of interocular stimulus presentation. The contrast detection threshold for a sinusoidal test grating viewed by one eye was found to be reduced by...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237700
更新日期：1977-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A preparation is described that permits the monitoring of activity from individual muscle afferent nerve fibres in an intact peripheral nerve in the forelimb of the cat. The nerve is a fine branch of the deep radial that supplies the indicis proprius muscle. When it is freed from nearby tissue over a length of 2-5 cm ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02454157
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
