Abstract：
:Increased cooperation in groups that are allowed to communicate (engage in "cheap talk") has been attributed to reputation-building and to cultural norms or culturally normal behavior. We tested these two theories by exposing groups of undergraduates to a public-goods social dilemma. Five groups were permitted to communicate via anonymous written messages that were read aloud. The groups with messaging contributed substantially more to the common good than the groups without messaging. Because the messages were anonymous, their efficacy cannot be explained by effects on reputation. Instead, the results point to the participants' histories of giving and receiving exhortations to cooperate - i.e., to culturally normal behavior (cultural norms).
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Baum WM,Paciotti B,Richerson P,Lubell M,McElreath Rdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2012.06.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
90-3issue
1eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(12)00136-2journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The ability to utilize numerical information can be adaptive in a number of ecological contexts including foraging, mating, parental care, and anti-predator strategies. Numerical abilities of mammals and birds have been studied both in natural conditions and in controlled laboratory conditions using a variety of appro...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.001
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Group choice describes the behavioral phenomenon in which a group of individuals chooses between two behavioral alternatives over time and the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) [Acta Biotheor. 19 (1970) 16] describes group choice analogous to individual choice and the matching law. Our experiments investigated the usefuln...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00016-5
更新日期：2002-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Species recognition is essential for efficient communication between conspecifics. For this to occur, species information must be unambiguously encoded in the repertoire of each species' vocalizations. Until now, the study of species recognition in songbirds has been focused mainly on male songs and male territorial b...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.007
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prey may use multiple sensory channels to detect predators, whose cues may differ in altered sensory environments, such as turbid conditions. Depending on the environment, prey may use cues in an additive/complementary manner or in a compensatory manner. First, to determine whether the purely aquatic Barton Springs sa...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.06.016
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an elevated maze consisting of three reconvergent radial arms, golden hamsters were tested with the same experimental rule: to choose each path without repeating any choice. However, variations of procedure concerning (a) the location of the reward in the maze, and (b) reinforcement contingencies, were introduced i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(82)90007-9
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On daily time-place learning tasks animals can work for food at different spatial locations during sessions at different times of the day. In previous experiments rats tracked this pattern of food availability with ordinal timing-they learned to respond at the locations in the correct order each day. In contrast, pige...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00036-9
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of size asymmetries between contestants that engage in agonistic interactions at a limited food source were investigated. Rates of agonistic interactions at the experimental food sources were not density-dependent. Most of the interactions concerned dyads either of the same developmental stage or of clo...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(92)90005-X
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a shaping procedure for training Florida red-bellied cooters, Pseudemys nelsoni, to dislodge clear plastic bottles to obtain food pellets. The animals were then trained in a 2-choice problem to choose only the bottle containing pellets. All nine turtles learned the task of knocking over bottles for food. ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.02.021
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Learning in conditioning protocols has long been thought to depend on temporal contiguity between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. This conceptualization has led to a preponderance of associative models of conditioning. We suggest that trial-based associative models that posit contiguity as the...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.01.005
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality and physiological traits often have close relationships with dominance status, but the significance and/or direction of the relationships vary between studies. This study examines whether two personality traits (aggressiveness and boldness) and three physiological traits (testosterone and cortisol levels a...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104079
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Weaponry and color badges are commonly theorized to function as visual signals of aggressiveness or fighting ability. However, few studies have supported a signaling function of weaponry, and the role of color in invertebrate competitive interactions remains virtually unexplored. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) make exce...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2011.10.017
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the preference of prepubescent and adult rats for an unrelated conspecific over a closely related conspecific (e.g., father, mother). Preference was measured by the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the stimulus animals as well as who was visited first. To prevent mating behavior, ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.04.008
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hungry rats were trained to press one lever for a sucrose solution and another for food pellets on a concurrent schedule. The contingency between lever pressing and reinforcement was then reduced by delivering either free sucrose solution or free food pellets. The non-contingent schedule resulted in a greater reductio...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(89)90039-9
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies in anurans have shown that ablation of the whole telencephalon (or the caudal striatum) abolishes visual prey-catching behavior, whereas an additional lesion to the pretectum leads to hyperexcited, "disinhibited" prey-catching. This suggests a disinhibitory gating/arousal function mediated by two inhibitory pr...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(91)90043-Y
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigate models for animal feeding behaviour, with the aim of improving understanding of how animals organise their behaviour in the short term. We consider three classes of model: hidden Markov, latent Gaussian and semi-Markov. Each can predict the typical 'clustered' feeding behaviour that is generally observe...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.014
更新日期：2004-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This study of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) investigated whether individual differences in emotionality, as measured by scratching frequencies, are stable over time and across seasons. Five adult females living in captive social groups were observed during two consecutive birth seasons and five females during the b...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00083-8
更新日期：2000-06-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioural responses to odours delivered in an olfactometer prove that Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae), a parasitic wasp of Drosophila larvae, is able to memorize three different odours which have been associated successively with oviposition experience. They exhibit differential responses which depend...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(93)90007-E
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodent urine provides animals with a large amount of information, from the identity of the animal through its physical condition to social status. Many studies therefore focus on rodent urine-marking behaviour and use marking frequency as an indicator of social status or competitive ability. However, marking, like man...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Context renewal is the relapse of an extinguished response due to changing the stimulus context following extinction. Reinforcing operant responding in Context A and extinguishing in Context B results in relapse when either returning to Context A (ABA renewal) or introducing a novel Context C (ABC renewal). ABA renewa...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.07.015
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In two experiments, human subjects were asked to estimate their present values of single delayed rewards and their present values of temporal sequences of three rewards. Present values were solicited by asking subjects to indicate an amount of money v for which they would be indifferent between receiving v at the end ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.03.011
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three experiments investigated foraging by rats and pigeons. In Experiment 1, each response on a manipulandum delivered food to a cup, with the distance between the manipulandum and the cup varying across conditions. The number of responses made before traveling to collect and eat the food increased with distance for ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.09.002
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome decreases because its delivery is either delayed or uncertain. Discounting has been widely studied because of its ubiquitous nature. Research from our laboratory has demonstrated that rates of discounting are systematically altered by several different factors...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.01.020
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forced Swimming Test (FST) models behavioural despair in animals by loss of motivation to respond or the refusal to escape. The present study characterizes the behavioural responses of 12-month-old male 3xTg-AD mice in FST as compared to age-matched no-transgenic (NTg) mice. Paradoxical results were consistently found...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.05.001
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the main factors that allow the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) to live in cities may be the availability of supplemental food provided by people. In this article, preferences of red squirrels in relation to supplemental food, how it is handled, and whether change seasonally, is investigated. A cafeteria test w...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104153
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In time-place learning (TPL) paradigms animals are thought to form tripartite memory codes consisting of the spatiotemporal characteristics of biologically significant events. In Phase I, rats were trained on a modified TPL task in which either the spatial or temporal component was constant, while the other component ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social learning refers to individuals learning from others, including information gained through indirect social influences, such as the results of others' actions and changes in the physical environment. One method to determine the relative influence of these varieties of information is the 'ghost display', in which ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.009
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research has begun to examine how individuals discount delayed sex. However, these tasks have not evaluated the dimension of sexual behavior associated with promiscuity (i.e., choices between partners). The current study assessed choices between hypothetical sexual partners within a delay discounting paradigm. Partici...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.005
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As reinforcers are delivered for a particular response, that response increases. Other similar responses also increase, with the extent to which this increase is seen being positively related to the similarity between the responses. This process, called induction, is pronounced during initial response acquisition, and...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.08.010
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied seasonal habitat use of female, mixed-sex and male groups in a free-ranging mouflon (Ovis gmelini) population. The three group types differed in the use of the five different habitats (forests, broom moorlands, heather moorlands, meadows and rocky areas) only in spring (lambing period) and in autumn (ruttin...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(97)00033-8
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four pigeons were exposed to various fixed-interval (FI) 30-s conditions which included a standard FI30-s condition. In all remaining conditions, a red "start" key light began the interval. Completion of various fixed ratios (FR) on the start key lit a green "work" key light. In Experiment 1, one peck on the start key...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(90)90015-8
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
