Abstract：
:Not long ago, urea was believed to freely diffuse across plasma membranes. The discovery of specialized proteins to facilitate the movement of urea across the fish gill, similar to those found in mammalian kidney, was exciting, and at the same time, perplexing; especially considering the fact that, aside from elasmobranchs, most fish do not produce urea as their primary nitrogenous waste. Increasingly, it has become apparent that many fish do indeed produce at least a small amount of urea through various processes and continued work on branchial urea transporters in teleost and elasmobranch fishes has led to recent advances in the regulation of these mechanisms. The following review outlines the substantial progress that has been made towards understanding environmental and developmental impacts on fish gill urea transport. This review also outlines the work that has been done regarding endocrine and neural control of urea excretion, most of which has been collected from only a handful of teleost fish. It is evident that more research is needed to establish the endocrine and neural control of urea excretion in fish, including fish representative of more ancient lineages (hagfish and lamprey), and elasmobranch fish.
journal_name
Respir Physiol Neurobioljournal_title
Respiratory physiology & neurobiologyauthors
McDonald MD,Gilmour KM,Walsh PJdoi
10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
241-8issue
3eissn
1569-9048issn
1878-1519pii
S1569-9048(12)00143-7journal_volume
184pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:We examined the effect of heavy-intensity 'priming' exercise on the rate of adjustment of pulmonary O2 uptake (τV˙O2p) initiated from elevated intensities. Fourteen men (separated into two groups: τV˙O2p≤25s [Fast] or τV˙O2p>25s [Slow]) completed step-transitions from 20W to 45% lactate threshold (LT; lower-step, LS) ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2016.09.013
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), erlotinib and gefitinib are small molecule inhibitors which are used for the treatment of lung cancer. But, the development of drug resistance has been reported as one of the major setbacks in oncology. This study focused on the mechanisms leading to secondary resistance by assessing ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2014.09.022
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine left-ventricular (LV) function and pulmonary gas exchange during prolonged constant-rate cycling in an attempt to explain the exercise-induced impairment in gas exchange. Eleven competitive cyclists rode their racing bicycles on a computerized cycle trainer at 25...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2004.06.002
更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Central histaminergic neurons are distributed in areas of the medulla and pons concerned with respiratory rhythm generation, but their effects on breathing pattern are unknown. We examined breathing pattern during hypercapnic responses in wild type (WT) and H1 receptor knockout (H1RKO) mice at 9-10 weeks of age before...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2004.07.016
更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been more than thirty years since the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation was first presented as a method to study automatic breathing behaviors in the neonatal rat. This straightforward preparation has led to an incredible burst of information about the location and coordination of several spontaneously...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2015.08.007
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human ventilation is aperiodic, exhibiting a breath-by-breath variability and a complexity of which the characteristics may be interesting physiologically and clinically. In the present study, we tested the ability of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) to describe these properties. Indeed, RIP does not have t...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2006.12.001
更新日期：2007-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary ventilation (V̇I) in awake and sleeping goats does not change when antagonists to several excitatory G protein-coupled receptors are dialyzed unilaterally into the ventral respiratory column (VRC). Concomitant changes in excitatory neuromodulators in the effluent mock cerebral spinal fluid (mCSF) suggest neu...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2017.01.007
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Prolonged partial obstruction (PPO) is a common finding in sleep studies. Although not verified, it seems to emerge in deep sleep. We study the effect of PPO on sleep architecture or sleep electroencephalography (EEG) frequency. METHODS:Fifteen OSA patients, 15 PPO + OSA patients and 15 healthy subjects unde...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2018.05.009
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in neonates is increasingly considered due to enhanced alveolar ventilation, absence of patient-ventilator asynchrony and lessened ventilator-induced lung injury. Although any type of non-invasive respiratory support can lead to gastric distension via esophageal air...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2017.08.018
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Airway smooth muscle maintains airway tone and may assist in adjusting ventilation distribution within the normal lung. Alterations in the properties or the quantity of ASM are likely responsible for some instances of airways hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictive stimuli that is a characteristic of diseases such ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00151-4
更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The Kölliker-Fuse Nucleus (KF) has been widely investigated for its contribution to "inspiratory off-switch" while more recent studies showed that activation of the Parabrachial Nucleus (PBN) shortened expiratory duration. This study used an adult, in vivo, decerebrate rabbit model to delineate the contribution of eac...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2020.103401
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the contributions of obesity on multidimensional aspects of dyspnea on exertion (DOE) in patients referred for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Ratings of perceived breathlessness (RPB, Borg scale 0-10) were collected in obese (BMI ≥ 30; n = 47) and nonobese (BMI ≤ 25; n = 27) patients...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2019.103365
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Movement of a food bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx activates pharyngeal sensory mechanoreceptors. Using electroencephalography, somatosensory cortical-evoked potentials resulting from oropharyngeal mechanical stimulation (PSEP) have been studied in young healthy individuals. However, limited information...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2016.04.004
更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to determine whether the route of administration of methacholine (MCh) influenced the pattern of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in mice. BALB/c mice were inoculated with a 50-microL volume containing 10(4.5)-pfu Influenza virus A/Mem/1/71(H3N1) or media. MCh responsiveness in vivo [inhaled (0.01-30...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2008.06.011
更新日期：2008-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulatory effect of substance P on respiration is mediated via neurokinin (NK) receptors. While previous studies suggest that NK-1 receptors are involved, little is known about the role NK-2 receptors in ventilatory responses to hypoxia. Ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia (8% O2 in N2) were measured by indire...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2007.07.012
更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5HT) is a powerful modulator of respiratory circuitry in vitro but its role in the development of breathing behavior in vivo is poorly understood. Here we show, using 5HT neuron-deficient Pet-1 (Pet-1(-/-)) neonates, that serotonergic function is required for the normal timing of postnatal respiratory matur...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2007.06.002
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The study investigates the effects of 6 occlusion conditions on the mechanically induced cough reflex in 15 anesthetized (pentobarbital) spontaneously breathing cats (14♂, 1♀). Esophageal pressure and integrated EMG activities of inspiratory (I) diaphragm and expiratory (E) abdominal muscles were recorded and analyzed...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2020.103547
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimuli within the lung can cause the sensations of pain, ache, irritation and urge-to-cough. In general these are abolished or inhibited by vagal section or vagal anaesthesia, or local anaesthesia within the airways. They are present in patients with functional high cervical spinal cord transaction and after general ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2008.09.012
更新日期：2009-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) is a common symptom in obesity. We investigated whether aerobic exercise training without weight loss could reduce DOE. Twenty-two otherwise healthy obese women participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise training program, exercising 30 min/day at 70-80% heart rate reserve, 4 days/w...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2015.11.004
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) centrally attenuates sympathetic outflow and, therefore, may chronically modulate pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), especially during the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PAH. To test this hypo...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Embolus occlusion of pulmonary arteries can result in elevated pulmonary blood pressures, often resulting in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Experimental observations have shown that small emboli (diameter <170 μm) can have a disproportionate effect on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) compared with larger emboli for t...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2010.12.018
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is the beat-to-beat fluctuation in heart rate at the frequency of the respiratory cycle. While it is common to study RSA under conditions of controlled breathing, where respiratory frequency, and sometimes tidal volume and inspiratory:expiratory ratio are controlled, the effect of co...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2010.04.021
更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that progesterone may enhance the hypoxic ventilatory response and reduce the occurrence of apneas in newborn male rats. We studied 10-day-old rats chronically exposed to progesterone (Prog) or vehicle through the milk of lactating mothers. Respiratory and metabolic recordings were performed using whol...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2006.08.007
更新日期：2007-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of 5 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on sleep apnea, sleep quality, and respiratory muscle strength in patients with different levels of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Twenty-five outpatients who received a diagnosis of OSA participated in the study and were assi...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2017.05.007
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of the transcription factor FOXP2 is linked to brain circuits that control motor function and speech. Investigation of FOXP2 protein expression in respiratory areas of the ponto-medullary brainstem of adult rat revealed distinct rostro-caudal expression gradients. A high density of FOXP2 immunoreactive nucl...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.014
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly complain about difficulty in sleeping. Although various sleep disordered breathing definitions and indices are used that make comparisons between studies difficult, it seems evident that the frequency of sleep disorders is higher in individuals with SCI, especially wi...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2009.08.014
更新日期：2009-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:DLCO measured in hypoxia must be corrected due to the higher affinity (increase in coefficient θ) of CO with Hb. We propose an adjustment accounting for individual changes in the equation relating DLCO to subcomponents Dm (membrane diffusive capacity) and Vc (lung capillary volume): 1/DLCO=1/Dm+1/θVc. We adjusted the ...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2016.08.009
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergen instillation in anaesthetized vs. awake animals results in increased distribution of allergen in the lung. Halothane is a more potent bronchodilator of the small airways than isoflurane. As small airways contribute to asthma pathogenesis, we questioned whether intranasal challenge under halothane vs. isoflura...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.005
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cervical spinal cord injury results in significant functional impairment. It is important to understand the neuroplasticity in response to inactivity of respiratory muscles in order to prevent any associated effects that limit functional recovery. Recent studies have examined the mechanisms involved in inactivity-indu...
journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.resp.2009.09.002
更新日期：2009-11-30 00:00:00
