Spatial and temporal second messenger codes for growth cone turning.

abstract：:The receptor for acetylcholine was partially purified by affinity chromatography of an extract in Triton X-100 of membrane fragments from electric tissue. The receptor was assayed, after its reduction with dithiothreitol, by reaction with the affinity-alkylating agent, [methyl-(3)H]4-(N-maleimido)-benzyltrimethylammon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karlin A,Cowburn D

更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adriamycin (doxorubicin) was encapsulated in human erythrocytes by means of a dialysis technique involving transient hypotonic hemolysis followed by isotonic resealing. Up to 1.6 mg of the drug was entrapped per ml of packed erythrocytes, with the efficiency of encapsulation being 60-80%. In vitro incubation of the Ad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Flora A,Benatti U,Guida L,Zocchi E

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Litter size and mammary number in the mammalian order Rodentia show a significant positive correlation. Mean litter size is typically one-half the number of available mammaries, while maximum litter size approximates mammary number. Similar relationships are found in the families Muridae, Cricetidae, and Sciuridae. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gilbert AN

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our laboratory has previously developed cell lines derived from mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells that stably express mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat fusion genes in bovine papillomavirus-based episomes. Glucocorticoid hormone strongly activates transcription from episomes an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bresnick EH,John S,Berard DS,LeFebvre P,Hager GL

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus were supplied with [2-13C, 3-2H]-deoxyxylulose or [2-13C,4-2H]1-deoxyxylulose. Lutein and chlorophylls were isolated from the cell mass, and hydrolysis of the chlorophyll mixtures afforded phytol. Isotope labeling patterns of phytol and lutein were determined by 2H NMR and 1H,2H-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arigoni D,Eisenreich W,Latzel C,Sagner S,Radykewicz T,Zenk MH,Bacher A

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular nature of the cell surface-cytoskeleton interaction in microvilli isolated from ascites 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma sublines with immobile (MAT-C1) and mobile (MAT-B1) receptors was investigated by extraction and fractionation studies on the microvillar membranes. Extraction of membranes from MAT-C1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carraway CA,Jung G,Carraway KL

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The NOVH protein belongs to the emerging CCN [Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Cyr61/Cef10, nephroblastoma overexpressed gene] family of growth regulators sharing a strikingly conserved multimodular organization but exhibiting distinctive functional features. Two members of the family (CYR61 and CTGF) are posit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perbal B,Martinerie C,Sainson R,Werner M,He B,Roizman B

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically engineered mice with targeted disruption of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene established the inhibitory role of nitric oxide (NO) in male impulsive aggressive behavior. This was later confirmed by using selective nNOS inhibitors in male wild-type mice. The molecular mechanisms accounting for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiavegatto S,Dawson VL,Mamounas LA,Koliatsos VE,Dawson TM,Nelson RJ

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to control drops and their movements on phobic surfaces is important in printing or patterning, microfluidic devices, and water-repellent materials. These materials are always micro-/nanotextured, and a natural limitation of repellency occurs when drops are small enough (as in a dew) to get trapped in the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Q,Yao X,Liu H,Quéré D,Jiang L

更新日期：2015-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The proliferation of non-neoplastic T lymphocytes is regulated, in part, by the coordinated expression of genes encoding T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL2), IL2 receptors (IL2R), and transferrin receptors (TFR). In addition to growth factors and their receptors, protooncogenes may regulate lymphocyte proliferat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed JC,Alpers JD,Nowell PC,Hoover RG

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated a lymphoid cell line, MDS, from the pleural exudate of a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The cells are biphenotypic, containing various T-cell and myeloid markers, and are surface negative for CD4 and CD8 but have low CD4 mRNA. The cells grow in suspension with a doubling time of 15 hr, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Banerjee R,Bekesi JG,Tarcsafalvi A,Sperber K,Deak G,Choi HS,Paronetto F,Holland JF,Acs G

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding nuclear receptor signaling in vivo would be facilitated by an efficient methodology to determine where a nuclear receptor is active. Herein, we present a feedback-inducible expression system in transgenic mice to detect activated nuclear receptor effector proteins by using an inducible reporter gene. Wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mata De Urquiza A,Solomin L,Perlmann T

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Paleoclimate studies suggest that increased global warmth during the Eocene epoch was greatly amplified at high latitudes, a state that climate models cannot fully reproduce. However, proxy estimates of Eocene near-Antarctic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have produced widely divergent results at similar latitudes, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Douglas PM,Affek HP,Ivany LC,Houben AJ,Sijp WP,Sluijs A,Schouten S,Pagani M

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Banded iron formations (BIFs) record a time of extensive Fe deposition in the Precambrian oceans, but the sources and pathways for metals in BIFs remain controversial. Here, we present Fe- and Nd-isotope data that indicate two sources of Fe for the large BIF units deposited 2.5 billion y ago. High-εNd and -δ(56)Fe sig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li W,Beard BL,Johnson CM

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Chick calvaria labeled in vitro contain a triple-stranded collagen precursor that contains two pro alpha1 and one pro alpha2 chains. All chains contain cystine and are linked by S-S bonds. Ultracentrifugal analysis was used to measure the relative size of the disulfide-linked units. It is proposed that the S-S links h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fessler LI,Burgeson RE,Morris NP,Fessler JH

更新日期：1973-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cycle-controlled human histone genes are coordinately expressed during S phase, and transcriptional regulation involves a series of trans-acting factors (HiNFs). The proliferation-specific factor HiNF-D interacts with multiple recognition motifs in histone H4, H3, and H1 promoters. Using gel shift immunoassays, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Wijnen AJ,Aziz F,Graña X,De Luca A,Desai RK,Jaarsveld K,Last TJ,Soprano K,Giordano A,Lian JB

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzophenones are among the most useful photocrosslinking agents in biology. We have evolved an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair that makes possible the in vivo incorporation of p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine into proteins in Escherichia coli in response to the amber codon, TAG. This unnatural amino acid was ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chin JW,Martin AB,King DS,Wang L,Schultz PG

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Osmotic stress responses are critical not only to the survival of unicellular organisms but also to the normal function of the mammalian kidney. However, the extent to which cells outside the kidney rely on osmotic stress responses in vivo remains unknown. Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5)/tonicity enhance...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Go WY,Liu X,Roti MA,Liu F,Ho SN

更新日期：2004-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells provide an innate-type immune response upon T cell receptor interaction with CD1d-presented antigens. We demonstrate through equilibrium tetramer binding and antigen presentation assays with Valpha14i-positive NKT cell hybridomas that the Sphingomonas glycolipid alpha-galacturonosyl cerami...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu D,Zajonc DM,Fujio M,Sullivan BA,Kinjo Y,Kronenberg M,Wilson IA,Wong CH

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium that has been produced commercially since 1972. The complete genome is 1,993,564 nt and devoid of plasmids. The average GC content is 34.71% with 1,864 predicted ORFs, of which 72.5% were functionally classified. Nine phage-related integrases were predicted, but ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Altermann E,Russell WM,Azcarate-Peril MA,Barrangou R,Buck BL,McAuliffe O,Souther N,Dobson A,Duong T,Callanan M,Lick S,Hamrick A,Cano R,Klaenhammer TR

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymidine analog fialuridine deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) was toxic in trials for chronic hepatitis B infection. One mechanism postulated that defective mtDNA replication was mediated through inhibition of DNA polymerase-gamma (DNA pol-gamma), by FIAU triphosphate (FIALTP) or by trip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis W,Levine ES,Griniuviene B,Tankersley KO,Colacino JM,Sommadossi JP,Watanabe KA,Perrino FW

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza virus infections cause a wide variety of outcomes, from mild disease to 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and ∼290,000 to 645,000 deaths annually worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disparate outcomes are currently unknown. Glycosylation within the human host plays a critical role in in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heindel DW,Koppolu S,Zhang Y,Kasper B,Meche L,Vaiana CA,Bissel SJ,Carter CE,Kelvin AA,Elaish M,Lopez-Orozco J,Zhang B,Zhou B,Chou TW,Lashua L,Hobman TC,Ross TM,Ghedin E,Mahal LK

更新日期：2020-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The present studies were conducted to determine whether prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) stimulates the production of "second messengers" derived from inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and increases intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in isolated bovine luteal cells. PGF2 alpha provoked rapid (10 sec) and sustained (u...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davis JS,Weakland LL,Weiland DA,Farese RV,West LA

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive ectopic mineralization of the skin, eyes, and arteries, for which no effective treatment exists. PXE is caused by inactivating mutations in the gene encoding ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6), an ATP-dependen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jansen RS,Küçükosmanoglu A,de Haas M,Sapthu S,Otero JA,Hegman IE,Bergen AA,Gorgels TG,Borst P,van de Wetering K

更新日期：2013-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Friction is caused by dissipative lateral forces that act between macroscopic objects. An improved understanding of friction is therefore expected from measurements of dissipative lateral forces acting between individual atoms. Here we establish atomic resolution of both conservative and dissipative forces by lateral ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giessibl FJ,Herz M,Mannhart J

更新日期：2002-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor-binding specificity of HA, the major surface glycoprotein of influenza virus, primarily determines the host ranges that the virus can infect. Influenza type B virus almost exclusively infects humans and contributes to the annual "flu" sickness. Here we report the structures of influenza B virus HA in complex ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Q,Tian X,Chen X,Ma J

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have efficacy in triple negative breast (TNBC) and ovarian cancers (OCs) harboring BRCA mutations, generating homologous recombination deficiencies (HRDs). DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) increase PARP trapping and reprogram the DNA damage response to generate HR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McLaughlin LJ,Stojanovic L,Kogan AA,Rutherford JL,Choi EY,Yen RC,Xia L,Zou Y,Lapidus RG,Baylin SB,Topper MJ,Rassool FV

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A rapid, simple, and quantitative filter-binding assay using glass fiber filters has been developed to detect the convalent adenovirus DNA-terminal protein complex. The assay is unusually sensitive because binding of protein-free DNA generally is less than 0.1%. Binding of the adenovirus complex to filters is mediated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coombs DH,Pearson GD

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki Y,Takebe I,Ohno T,Fukuda M,Okada Y

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers. Patients with this disease have a median survival of 15 months from the time of diagnosis despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. New treatment approaches are needed. Recent works suggest that gliob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horvath S,Zhang B,Carlson M,Lu KV,Zhu S,Felciano RM,Laurance MF,Zhao W,Qi S,Chen Z,Lee Y,Scheck AC,Liau LM,Wu H,Geschwind DH,Febbo PG,Kornblum HI,Cloughesy TF,Nelson SF,Mischel PS

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00