Abstract：
:This study evaluates the pre-treatment of cellulose from kenaf plant to yield sugar precursors for the production of ethanol or butanol for use as biofuel additives. In order to convert the crystalline cellulosic form to the amorphous form that can undergo enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond to yield sugars, kenaf pulp samples were subjected to two different pre-treatment processes. In the acid pre-treatment, the pulp samples were treated with 37.5% hydrochloric acid in the presence of FeCl(3) at 50 °C or 90 °C whereas in the alkaline method, the pulp samples were treated with 25% sodium hydroxide at room temperature and with 2% or 5% sodium hydroxide at 50 °C. Microwave-assisted NaOH-treatment of the cellulose was also investigated and demonstrated to be capable of producing high glucose yield without adverse environmental impact by circumventing the use of large amounts of concentrated acids i.e., 83-85% phosphoric acid employed in most digestion processes. The treated samples were digested with the cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma reesei. The amount of glucose produced was quantified using the Quantichrom(™) glucose bioassay for assessing the efficiency of glucose production for each of the treatment processes. The microwave-assisted alkaline pre-treatment processes conducted at 50 °C were found to be the most effective in the conversion of the crystalline cellulose to the amorphous form based on the significantly higher yields of sugar produced by enzymatic hydrolysis compared to the untreated sample.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Ooi BG,Rambo AL,Hurtado MAdoi
10.3390/ijms12031451subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
1451-63issue
3issn
1422-0067pii
ijms-12-01451journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Short-term abiotic stress treatment before harvest can enhance the quality of horticultural crops cultivated in controlled environments. Here, we investigated the effects of combined chilling and UV-A treatment on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Five-week-old plants we...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20194950
更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Operating at multiple levels of control, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) communicate with organ systems to adjust immune response, provide signals for differentiation, migration, enzymatic reactions, and to equilibrate the regenerative demands of balanced tissue homeostasis. The identification of th...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18010208
更新日期：2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the recent development of chiral sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and its applications to study chiral vibrational structures at interfaces. This review summarizes observations of chiral SFG signals from various molecular systems and describes the molecular origins of chiral SFG response. It focus...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms12129404
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutic agents for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Previous studies showed that magainin 2 (isolated from African clawed fogs Xenopus laevis) has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The present study was conducted ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103041
更新日期：2018-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging leads to a loss of vasomotor control. Both vasodilation and vasoconstriction are affected. Decreased nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated relaxation is a hallmark of aging. It contributes to vascular disease, notably hypertension, infarction, and dementia. Decreased vasodilation can be caused by aging independently from c...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21134667
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The iliotibial band (ITB) is a suitable scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, providing a sufficient mechanical resistance to loading. Hence, ITB-derived fibroblasts attract interest for ligament tissue engineering but have so far not been characterized. This present study aimed at characterizi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20081972
更新日期：2019-04-22 00:00:00
abstract：:This work assesses the effect of chemical induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) on the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by planktonic and biofilm cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) transformed with a plasmid containing a T7 promoter. It was shown that induction negatively...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21020576
更新日期：2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Naturally occurring cucurbitacins have been shown to have anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we determined the effects of cucurbitacin B extracted from the Thai herb Trichosanthes cucumerina L. on telomerase regulation in three human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, SKBR-3, and M...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms11125323
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In advanced cirrhosis, the TNFα-mediated intestinal inflammation and bacteria dysbiosis are involved in the development of inflammation and vasoconstriction-related renal dysfunction. In colitis and acute kidney injury models, activation of SIRT1 attenuates the TNFα-mediated intestinal and renal abnormalities. This st...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031233
更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development and their potential as prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly known. However, the signature of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in tumorigenesis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to profile the miRN...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18081826
更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) places a considerable burden on society. A substantial number of pediatric and adult CAP cases are due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, but fortunately there are effective vaccines available that have a significant impact on CAP-related medical, social, and economic problems. The main ai...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18010030
更新日期：2016-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding protein-iron complex (PIC) on productive performance and indicators of iron metabolism, hematology parameters, antioxidant and immune status during first 35 days of a calf's life. Preparation of the complex involved enzymatic hydrolysis of milk casein...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18071501
更新日期：2017-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral mucositis is the most frequently occurring early side effect of head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. Systemic dermatan sulfate (DS) treatment revealed a significant radioprotective potential in a preclinical model of oral mucositis. This study was initiated to elucidate the mechanistic effects of DS in the same mod...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19061684
更新日期：2018-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon (IFN)-γ is mainly secreted by CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1), natural killer (NK) and NKT cells after skin injury. Although IFN-γ is well known regarding its inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in vitro, information is limited regarding its role in wound healing in vivo. In the present study, we ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20225657
更新日期：2019-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The floral development in an important legume crop yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper cv.) is often affected by the abscission of flowers leading to significant economic losses. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which have a proven effect on almost all developmental processes in other plants, might be of key playe...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205122
更新日期：2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron is an essential element for the growth and proliferation of cells. Cellular iron uptake, storage, utilization and export are tightly regulated to maintain iron homeostasis. However, cellular iron metabolism pathways are disturbed in most cancer cells. To maintain rapid growth and proliferation, cancer cells acqui...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19051545
更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Although our understanding of psychotic disorders has advanced substantially in the past few decades, very little has changed in the standard of care for these illnesses since the development of atypical anti-psychotics in the 1990s. Here, we integrate new insights into the pathophysiology with the increasing interest...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18030651
更新日期：2017-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The incorporation of plant residues into soil can be considered a keystone sustainability factor in improving soil structure function. However, the effects of plant residue addition on the soil microbial communities involved in biochemical cycles and abiotic stress phenomena are poorly understood. In this study, exper...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092125
更新日期：2019-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural alterations of pericytes in microvessels are important features of diabetic retinopathy. Although capillary pericytes had been known not to have α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a recent study revealed that a specific fixation method enabled the visualization of αSMA along retinal capillaries. In this study, w...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21062158
更新日期：2020-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. With breast cancer patients and survivors being reported to experience a repertoire of symptoms that are detrimental to their quality of life, the development of breast cancer treatment strategies that are effective with minimal side effects is theref...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18112423
更新日期：2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on the supramolecular buildup of eumelanin has gained high momentum in the last years. Several new aspects regarding the involved structures and mechanisms have been established, which has led to a better understanding of the entire process. This review intends to provide a clearly laid-out summary of previou...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18091901
更新日期：2017-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have emerged as new potential epigenetic biomarkers. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of six circulating miRNA previously described in the literature as biomarkers for the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and/or as predictive biomarkers to antiepileptic drug resp...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22020702
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that occurs in chronic liver disease. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that is crucial for a plethora of physiological processes. Even though the ubiquitin system has been implicated in several human diseases, the role of ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21239043
更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has attracted considerable attention on treatment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related disorders. We previously conjugated Cu/Zn SOD to O-quaternary chitosan derivatives (O-HTCC) to yield a polymer-enzyme conjugate O-HTCC-SOD that demonstrated superior therapeutic effect to native SOD. T...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18061121
更新日期：2017-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins regulate many cellular functions and analyzing the presence and abundance of proteins in biological samples are central focuses in proteomics. The discovery and validation of biomarkers, pathways, and drug targets for various diseases can be accomplished using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. However, with...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms16023537
更新日期：2015-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In this communication, lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) was immobilized by covalent bonding on magnetic nanoparticles coated with chitosan and activated with glutaraldehyde, labelled CALA-MNP, (immobilization parameters: 84.1% ± 1.0 for immobilization yield and 208.0 ± 3.0 U/g ± 1.1 for derivative activity). CA...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20164018
更新日期：2019-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22010035
更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Antidepressant-like effects of ethanolic extract of Hericium erinaceus (HE) mycelium enriched in erinacine A on depressive mice challenged by repeated restraint stress (RS) were examined. HE at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight/day was orally given to mice for four weeks. After two weeks of HE administration, all mice...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19020341
更新日期：2018-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is an enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). The enzymes of mammalian species are classified into four isoforms; GPAT1 and GPAT2 are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, whereas ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20040964
更新日期：2019-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen is an important macronutrient required for plant growth, and is a limiting factor for crop productivity. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is therefore crucial. At present, the NUE mechanism is unclear and information on the genes associated with NUE in soybeans is lacking. cystathionine beta syntha...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17050620
更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00
