Abstract:
PURPOSE:Socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been adequately studied prospectively. METHODS:Complete clinical and SES (income, education, occupation) data were available for 317 T1D participants in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study within 4 years of age 28 (chosen to maximize income, education, and occupational potential, and to minimize the SES effect of advanced diabetes complications). Vital status was determined as of 1/1/2008. RESULTS:Over a median 16 years of follow-up, 34 (10.7%) deaths occurred (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs] = 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-5.5). SMRs did not differ from the general population for those in the highest education and income groups, whereas in those with low SES, SMRs were increased. Mortality rates were three times lower for individuals with a college degree versus without a college degree (p = 0.004) and nearly four times lower for the highest income versus lower income groups (p = 0.04). In Cox models adjusting for diabetes duration and sex, education was the only SES measure predictive of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.8), but lost significance after adjusting for HbA(1c), non-HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and microalbuminuria (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 0.8-5.6). CONCLUSIONS:The strong association of education with mortality in T1D is partially mediated by better glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure control.
journal_name
Ann Epidemioljournal_title
Annals of epidemiologyauthors
Secrest AM,Costacou T,Gutelius B,Miller RG,Songer TJ,Orchard TJdoi
10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
367-73issue
5eissn
1047-2797issn
1873-2585pii
S1047-2797(11)00059-7journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To examine whether maternal fever during pregnancy is associated with reduced head circumference and risk of microcephaly at birth. METHODS:A prospective study of 86,980 live-born singletons within the Danish National Birth Cohort was carried out. Self-reported maternal fever exposure was ascertained in two in...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
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更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00228-9
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.06.005
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::PURPOSE: High mortality rates of cervical cancer among black women have been observed for several decades in the Southeast. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors associated with this geographic and racial enigma, and to see if incidence is consistent with mortality.METHODS: Using the Savannah River Region...
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更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.009
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.016
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.10.008
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.04.014
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.11.013
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intervention studies are now viewed as a useful and necessary approach to understanding the relation between nutrition and cancer. Over 20 such studies have been initiated in the past 7 years. Foreign countries may be an attractive site for such investigations, mainly because of desirable population characteristics su...
journal_title:Annals of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/1047-2797(90)90010-p
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00