Amyloid Beta induces oxidative stress-mediated blood-brain barrier changes in capillary amyloid angiopathy.

Abstract:

:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in leptomeningeal and cortical brain vasculature. In 40% of AD cases, Aβ mainly accumulates in cortical capillaries, a phenomenon referred to as capillary CAA (capCAA). The aim of this study was to investigate blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in CAA-affected capillaries with the emphasis on tight junction (TJ) changes. First, capCAA brain tissue was analyzed for the distribution of TJs. Here, we show for the first time a dramatic loss of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 in Aβ-laden capillaries surrounded by NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2)-positive activated microglia. Importantly, we observed abundant vascular expression of the Aβ transporter receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). To unravel the underlying mechanism, a human brain endothelial cell line was stimulated with Aβ1-42 to analyze the effects of Aβ. We observed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and increased ROS generation, which interestingly was reversed by administration of exogenous antioxidants, NOX-2 inhibitors, and by blocking RAGE. Taken together, our data evidently show that Aβ is toxic to brain endothelial cells via binding to RAGE and induction of ROS production, which ultimately leads to disruption of TJs and loss of BBB integrity.

journal_name

Antioxid Redox Signal

authors

Carrano A,Hoozemans JJ,van der Vies SM,Rozemuller AJ,van Horssen J,de Vries HE

doi

10.1089/ars.2011.3895

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1167-78

issue

5

eissn

1523-0864

issn

1557-7716

journal_volume

15

pub_type

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