Abstract:
:Thiol peroxidases comprise glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and peroxiredoxins (Prx). The enzymes of both families reduce hydroperoxides with thiols by enzyme-substitution mechanisms. H(2)O(2) and organic hydroperoxides are reduced by all thiol peroxidases, most efficiently by SecGPxs, whereas fast peroxynitrite reduction is more common in Prxs. Reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is the domain of monomeric GPx4-type enzymes and of some Prxs. The catalysis starts with oxidation of an active-site selenocysteine (U(P)) or cysteine (C(P)). Activation of Cys (Sec) for hydroperoxide reduction in the GPx family is achieved by a typical tetrad composed of Cys (Sec), Asn, Gln, and Trp, whereas a triad of Cys Thr (or Ser) and Arg is the signature of Prx. In many of the CysGPxs and Prxs, a second Cys (C(R)) is required. In these 2-CysGPxs and 2-CysPrxs, the C(P) oxidized to a sulfenic acid forms an intra- or intermolecular disulfide (typical 2-CysPrx) with C(R), before a stepwise regeneration of ground-state enzyme by redoxin-type proteins can proceed. In SecGPxs and sporadically in Prxs, GSH is used as the reductant. Diversity combined with structural variability predestines thiol peroxidases for redox regulation via ROOH sensing and direct or indirect transduction of oxidant signals to specific protein targets.
journal_name
Antioxid Redox Signaljournal_title
Antioxidants & redox signalingauthors
Flohé L,Toppo S,Cozza G,Ursini Fdoi
10.1089/ars.2010.3397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-01 00:00:00pages
763-80issue
3eissn
1523-0864issn
1557-7716journal_volume
15pub_type
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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