Abstract:
:In clinical practice, a significant proportion of HIV-infected patients receive lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The study by Israr et al. was designed to evaluate the effects of the HIV protease inhibitor LPV/r on gingival epithelium growth and differentiation. The authors isolated gingival keratinocytes from human gingival tissue from patients undergoing dental surgery. Raft cultures of gingival keratinocytes were established and treated with a range of LPV/r concentrations. LPV/r inhibited the growth of gingival epithelium when the drug was present throughout the growth period of the tissue. When LPV/r was added on day 8 of tissue growth, it compromised tissue integrity and altered the proliferation and differentiation of gingival keratinocytes. The expression pattern of cytokeratin-5, -14, -10 and -6, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin A were altered in treated rafts. These findings suggest that LPV/r compromised tissue integrity and deregulated the cell cycle/proliferation and differentiation pathways, resulting in abnormal epithelial repair and proliferation. However, these findings do not correlate with those observed in clinical practice. In clinical trials, the adverse effects in the oral cavity have been uncommon in patients receiving HAART containing standard doses of LPV/r. This disparity may be due to a few limitations in the study design. The investigators assumed that the blood levels of LPV/r would be the same as in the saliva, and thus chose the peak concentration of LPV/r in blood serum as the baseline concentration in the study. However, the correlation between LPV/r levels in blood serum and in oral tissues has not been widely studied. Lopinavir and ritonavir are highly (98-99%) bound to serum proteins. Thus, the concentrations of these drugs in saliva would be expected to be 50-100-times lower than total plasma concentrations, rather than equivalent, as the authors assumed. Thus, the concentrations assessed in this in vitro study are very likely to be much higher than the actual concentrations of LPV/r encountered in the saliva of patients.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anti Infect Therjournal_title
Expert review of anti-infective therapyauthors
Rivero A,Pérez-Camacho Idoi
10.1586/eri.10.138subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
1345-9issue
12eissn
1478-7210issn
1744-8336journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Accidents or violence can result in penetrating trauma in the adult population. Contaminated penetrating foreign bodies introduced at the time of wounding cause infection, especially high velocity projectiles, which result in cavitation. Surgical debridement reduces potential infection; however, perioperative antibiot...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.155
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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doi:10.1586/eri.09.54
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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doi:10.1586/14787210.5.4.685
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1029916
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1023292
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.09.118
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.5.593
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14787210.6.1.15
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has been a major therapeutic breakthrough in the management of HIV-1 infection. The first HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, was licensed in 2007 and was subsequently approved for use in treatment-naive patients. Since then, newer members of t...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.157
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.4.3.429
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.124
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.4.531
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1271712
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1677464
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.10.1
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eri.10.71
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a global public health problem. Precision medicine (PM) is a multicomponent medical approach that should be used to individualize the management of patients infected with CRE. AREAS COVERED:Here, we differentiate carbapenem-producing CRE (CP-CRE) from ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1760844
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1540930
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.37
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1812384
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1106939
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1586/eri.13.44
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.1.175
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.80
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00