Divalent counterion-induced condensation of triple-strand DNA.

abstract：:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) introduces single-strand breaks (SSBs) to initiate class switch recombination (CSR), gene conversion (GC), and somatic hypermutation (SHM). CSR is mediated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) at donor and acceptor switch (S) regions, followed by pairing of DSB ends in two S regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabouri S,Kobayashi M,Begum NA,Xu J,Hirota K,Honjo T

更新日期：2014-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In diabetes, the death of insulin-producing beta-cells by apoptosis leads to insulin deficiency. The lower prevalence of diabetes in females suggests that female sex steroids protect from beta-cell injury. Consistent with this hypothesis, 17beta-estradiol (estradiol) manifests antidiabetic actions in humans and rodent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le May C,Chu K,Hu M,Ortega CS,Simpson ER,Korach KS,Tsai MJ,Mauvais-Jarvis F

更新日期：2006-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Two chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with photosystem II (PSII) of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 have been detected. The larger of the two complexes, CPVI-1, contained a 71-kDa and a 42-kDa protein. The 71-kDa protein was determined to be the anchor protein of the phycobilisomes (the light-harvestin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pakrasi HB,Riethman HC,Sherman LA

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this report we analyzed genetically informative data to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in late-life cognitive abilities as a function of childhood social class. We used data from nine testing occasions spanning 28 y in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and parental social cla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ericsson M,Lundholm C,Fors S,Dahl Aslan AK,Zavala C,Reynolds CA,Pedersen NL

更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:N-type Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ influx, which initiates fast exocytosis of neurotransmitters at synapses, and they interact directly with the SNARE proteins syntaxin and SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) through a synaptic protein interaction (synprint) site in the intracellular loop connecting doma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheng ZH,Yokoyama CT,Catterall WA

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of the virus synthesized by each of three morphologically different cell lines originating from DBA/2J fetal liver cells transformed by the anemic strain of Friend leukemia virus in vitro were analyzed. The cells of line G-1 are malignant in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, grow in suspension, and are erythroid in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuei D,Pogo BG,Friend C

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a functional profiling strategy to identify and characterize subtypes of neurons present in a peripheral ganglion, which should be extendable to neurons in the CNS. In this study, dissociated dorsal-root ganglion neurons from mice were exposed to various pharmacological agents (challenge compounds), while ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teichert RW,Smith NJ,Raghuraman S,Yoshikami D,Light AR,Olivera BM

更新日期：2012-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene conversion and conversion-associated reciprocal recombination have been studied in various Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids. In a sample of 11,023 unselected meiotic tetrads, 907 conversions were observed at the arg4, thr3, his1, and SUP6 loci. Of these conversions, 445 (or 49.1%) were associated with reciprocal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurst DD,Fogel S,Mortimer RK

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural abundance 13C spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time measurements are reported for unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), in the liquid crystalline phase, at magnetic field strengths of 1.40, 1.87, 2.35, 4.23, 7.05, 8.45, and 11.7 tesla (resonance f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown MF,Ribeiro AA,Williams GD

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population intelligence quotients increased throughout the 20th century-a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect-although recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal of this trend in several countries. To distinguish between the large set of proposed explanations, we categorize hypothesized causal factors by whether t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bratsberg B,Rogeberg O

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Endosymbiotic acquisition of bacteria by a protist, with subsequent evolution of the bacteria into mitochondria and plastids, had a transformative impact on eukaryotic biology. Reconstructing events that created a stable association between endosymbiont and host during the process of organellogenesis--including establ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nowack EC,Grossman AR

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently have introduced the term vasculogenic mimicry to describe the unique ability of aggressive melanoma tumor cells to form tubular structures and patterned networks in three-dimensional culture, which "mimics" embryonic vasculogenic networks formed by differentiating endothelial cells. In the current study, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hendrix MJ,Seftor EA,Meltzer PS,Gardner LM,Hess AR,Kirschmann DA,Schatteman GC,Seftor RE

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-copy transgenes in Caenorhabditis elegans can be subjected to a potent, irreversible silencing process termed small RNA-induced epigenetic silencing (RNAe). RNAe is promoted by the Piwi Argonaute protein PRG-1 and associated Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), as well as by proteins that promote and respond to seco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leopold LE,Heestand BN,Seong S,Shtessel L,Ahmed S

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The failure to induce self-tolerance of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T antigen) expressed in the pancreatic beta cells of transgenic mice results in an autoimmune response against this protein and the cells that synthesize it. In every transgenic mouse with delayed onset of T-antigen expression and consequent ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skowronski J,Jolicoeur C,Alpert S,Hanahan D

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha-actinin-4 is a widely expressed protein that employs an actin-binding site with two calponin homology domains to crosslink actin filaments (F-actin) in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in vitro. An inherited, late-onset form of kidney failure is caused by point mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 actin-binding domain. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weins A,Schlondorff JS,Nakamura F,Denker BM,Hartwig JH,Stossel TP,Pollak MR

更新日期：2007-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial extent of the cortical filters selective for different spatial frequencies and orientations is limited. We studied psychophysically how information from the local filters is integrated into global pattern shapes, i.e., whether performance in the identification of a global pattern consisting of small, local...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saarinen J,Levi DM,Shen B

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple drug resistance of tumor cells is a common problem in cancer therapy. We have demonstrated that membrane vesicles from highly multidrug-resistant human KB carcinoma cell lines exhibit increased specific and saturable binding of vinblastine. To identify the molecules that bind vinblastine, membrane vesicles fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cornwell MM,Safa AR,Felsted RL,Gottesman MM,Pastan I

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The covalent joining of topoisomerases to DNA is normally a transient step in the reaction cycle of these important enzymes. However, under a variety of circumstances, the covalent complex is converted to a long-lived or dead-end product that can result in chromosome breakage and cell death. We have discovered and par...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang SW,Burgin AB Jr,Huizenga BN,Robertson CA,Yao KC,Nash HA

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the mechanisms of Salmonella virulence is an important challenge. The capacity of this intracellular bacterial pathogen to cause diseases depends on the expression of virulence factors including the second type III secretion system (TTSS-2), which is used to translocate into the eukaryotic cytosol a set ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henry T,Couillault C,Rockenfeller P,Boucrot E,Dumont A,Schroeder N,Hermant A,Knodler LA,Lecine P,Steele-Mortimer O,Borg JP,Gorvel JP,Méresse S

更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is a simulation algorithm that has made modern Bayesian statistical inference possible. Nevertheless, the efficiency of different Metropolis-Hastings proposal kernels has rarely been studied except for the Gaussian proposal. Here we propose a unique ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Z,Rodríguez CE

更新日期：2013-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Translocation of proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane is an essential process requiring an import motor having mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70) at its core. The J protein partner of mtHsp70, Pam18, is an integral part of this motor, serving to stimulate the ATPase activity of mtHsp70. Pam16, an essential prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'Silva PR,Schilke B,Walter W,Craig EA

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of proper ion channel trafficking is underpinned by a number of channel-linked genetic diseases whose defect is associated with failure to reach the cell surface. Conceptually, it is reasonable to suggest that the function of ion channels depends critically on the precise subcellular localization and th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu L,Timofeyev V,Li N,Rafizadeh S,Singapuri A,Harris TR,Chiamvimonvat N

更新日期：2009-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently discovered family of natural anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) have the highest conductance among channelrhodopsins and exhibit exclusive anion selectivity, which make them efficient inhibitory tools for optogenetics. We report analysis of flash-induced absorption changes in purified wild-type and mutant ACRs,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sineshchekov OA,Li H,Govorunova EG,Spudich JL

更新日期：2016-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome editing with engineered site-specific endonucleases involves nonhomologous end-joining, leading to reading frame disruption. The approach is applicable to dominant negative disorders, which can be treated simply by knocking out the mutant allele, while leaving the normal allele intact. We applied this strategy ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinkuma S,Guo Z,Christiano AM

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited single gene defects have been identified in both humans and mice that lead to loss of developmental control over the left-right asymmetry of the heart and viscera. In mice the recessively inherited mutation iv leads to such apparent loss of control over situs: 50% of iv/iv mice exhibit situs inversus and 50%...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brueckner M,D'Eustachio P,Horwich AL

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies are created and refined by somatic evolution in B cell populations, which endows the human immune system with the ability to recognize and eliminate diverse pathogens. However, the evolutionary processes that sculpt antibody repertoires remain poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased repertoire-scale appr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horns F,Vollmers C,Dekker CL,Quake SR

更新日期：2019-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Human populations have undergone dramatic expansions in size, but other than the growth associated with agriculture, the dates and magnitudes of those expansions have never been resolved. Here, we introduce two new statistical tests for population expansion, which use variation at a number of unlinked genetic markers ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reich DE,Goldstein DB

更新日期：1998-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the role of liganded nuclear receptors in mediating coactivator/corepressor exchange is well-established, little is known about the potential regulation of chromosomal organization in the 3-dimensional space of the nucleus in achieving integrated transcriptional responses to diverse signaling events. Here, we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Q,Kwon YS,Nunez E,Cardamone MD,Hutt KR,Ohgi KA,Garcia-Bassets I,Rose DW,Glass CK,Rosenfeld MG,Fu XD

更新日期：2008-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A key barrier to the realization of personalized medicine for cancer is the identification of biomarkers. Here we describe a two-stage strategy for the discovery of serum biomarker signatures corresponding to specific cancer-causing mutations and its application to prostate cancer (PCa) in the context of the commonly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cima I,Schiess R,Wild P,Kaelin M,Schüffler P,Lange V,Picotti P,Ossola R,Templeton A,Schubert O,Fuchs T,Leippold T,Wyler S,Zehetner J,Jochum W,Buhmann J,Cerny T,Moch H,Gillessen S,Aebersold R,Krek W

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants have evolved adaptive strategies that involve transcriptional networks to cope with and survive environmental challenges. Key transcriptional regulators that mediate responses to environmental fluctuations in nitrate have been identified; however, little is known about how these regulators interact to orchestra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guan P,Ripoll JJ,Wang R,Vuong L,Bailey-Steinitz LJ,Ye D,Crawford NM

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00