Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Road traffic casualties show some of the widest socioeconomic differentials of any cause of morbidity or mortality, and as yet there is little evidence on what works to reduce them. This study quantified the current and potential future impact of the introduction of 20 mph zones on socioeconomic inequalities in road casualties in London. METHODS:An observational study based on analysis of geographically coded police road casualties data, 1987-2006. Changes in counts of casualties from road collisions, those killed and seriously injured and pedestrian injuries by quintile of deprivation were calculated. RESULTS:The effect of 20 mph zones was similar across quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation, being associated with a 41.8% (95% CI 21.0% to 62.6%) decline in casualties in areas in the least deprived quintile versus 38.3% (31.5% to 45.0%) in the most deprived quintile. Because of the greater number of road casualties in deprived areas and the targeting of zones to such areas, the number of casualties prevented by zones was substantially larger in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. However, the underlying decline in road casualties on all roads was appreciably greater in less deprived areas (p<0.001 for trend) so that despite the targeting of 20 mph zones, socioeconomic inequalities in road injuries in London have widened over time. Extending 20 mph schemes has only limited the potential to reduce differentials further. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of 20 mph zones targeted at deprived areas has mitigated widening socioeconomic differentials in road injury in London and to some degree narrowed them, but there is limited potential for further gain.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Steinbach R,Grundy C,Edwards P,Wilkinson P,Green Jdoi
10.1136/jech.2010.112193subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
921-6issue
10eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738pii
jech.2010.112193journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of the package of road safety measures implemented after road safety was included in the political agenda in the year 2004 on the number of road traffic-injured people in Spain. METHODS:An evaluation study was performed using an interrupted time-series design. ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To develop a self administered Chinese (mainland) version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) for use in health related quality of life measurements in China. DESIGN:A three stage protocol was followed including translation, tests of scaling construction and scoring assumptions, validation, and nor...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.33.3.203
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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doi:10.1136/jech.42.2.116
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 传,古典文章,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/jech.2003.016147
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.079228
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immigrants are at a higher risk of poor mental and physical health. Regular participation in physical activity (PA) and low levels of sedentary time are beneficial for both these aspects of health. The aim was to investigate levels and trends in domain-specific PA and sedentary behaviour in the US. immigrant...
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doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213754
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders are common diseases, but little is known about familial clustering in these diseases. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic family study carried out on these diseases. METHODS:Familial risks for siblings who were hospitalised for nerve, nerve root and plexus ...
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doi:10.1136/jech.2006.046615
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of unfairness on incident coronary events and health functioning. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. Unfairness, sociodemographics, established coronary risk factors (high serum cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption) and other psychosocial work cha...
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doi:10.1136/jech.2006.052563
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An exponential model based on the infectious disease model of Kermack and McKendrick has been simplified to illustrate how the use of heroin spreads in epidemic fashion. A numerical simulation is arranged to show how the dynamics of spread are influenced by the original number of users, rates of conversion, and time o...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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doi:10.1136/jech.33.4.299
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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abstract::Cross sectional data from a survey of 2512 men aged 45-49 years were used to examine the confounding effects of heart rate, employment, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) on the relation between cereal fibre intake and blood pressure. Daily cereal fibre intake (g/day) was associated with systolic pressure (r = -0.053, ...
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更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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abstract::It has been claimed that unemployment affects the health and thus the mortality of the unemployed, their families, and other members of their communities. This paper examines the relation between mortality and the unemployment experiences of small areas which vary in the extent to which their unemployment levels have ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
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abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of consanguinity on children's health. DESIGN:The study is a prospective survey from birth to five years of a cohort of babies born in a multiracial community. This report details the initial findings on consanguinity. SETTING:Participating familie...
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abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify the eventual extra loss of life incurred to cancer patients in Estonia compared with those in Sweden that was possibly attributable to differences in society. DESIGN:Population based survival of cancer patients in Estonia was compared with that of Estonian immigrants to Sweden and that of all can...
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更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00