Abstract:
:Research on asthma pathophysiology over the past decade has expanded the complex repertoire involved in the pathophysiology of asthma to include inflammatory, immune and structural cells, as well as a wide range of mediators. Studies have identified a role for connective and other mesenchymal tissues involved in airway remodeling. Recent findings have implicated the innate immune response in asthma and have revealed interesting patterns of interaction between the innate and adaptive immune response and the associated complex chronic inflammatory reaction. New immune cell populations have also been added to this repertoire, including Tregs, natural killer T cells and Th17 cells. The role of the eosinophil, a prominent pathological feature in most asthma phenotypes, has also been expanding to include roles such as tissue modifiers and immune regulators via a number of fascinating and hitherto unexplored mechanistic pathways. In addition, new and significant roles have been proposed for airway smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells. Tissue remodeling is now considered an integral element of asthma pathophysiology. Finally, an intricate network of mediators, released from both immune and inflammatory cells, including thymus stromal lymphopoietin and matrix metalloproteinases, have added to the complex milieu of asthma immunity and inflammation. These findings have implications for therapy and the search for novel strategies towards better disease management. Sadly, and perhaps due to the complex nature of asthma, advances in therapeutic discoveries and developments have been limited. Thus, understanding the precise roles played by the numerous dramatis personae in this odyssey, both individually and collectively within the context of asthma pathophysiology, continues to pose new challenges. It is clear that the next stage in this saga is to embark on studies that transcend reductionist approaches to involve system analysis of the complex and multiple variables involved in asthma, including the need to narrow down the phenotypes of this condition based on careful analysis of the organs (lung and airways), cells, mediators and other factors involved in bronchial asthma.
journal_name
Expert Rev Respir Medjournal_title
Expert review of respiratory medicineauthors
Orihara K,Dil N,Anaparti V,Moqbel Rdoi
10.1586/ers.10.57subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
605-29issue
5eissn
1747-6348issn
1747-6356journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human lung and are now recognized as crucial initiators of immune responses in general. They are arranged as sentinels in a dense surveillance network inside and below the epithelium of the airways and alveoli, where they are ideally situated to...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/17476348.2.2.215
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques to promote clearance of sputum from the airways (airway clearance techniques; ACTs) have existed in clinical practice for more than a century. This review examines current evidence and clinical recommendations regarding ACTs for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparisons between thi...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2013.847368
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the leading etiologies of nosocomial pneumonia as a result of an increase in staphylococcal infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains paired with extended ventilatory support of critically, and often, chronically ill patients. The prevalence...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2014.940323
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Optimal management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is important in the care of patients with advanced cancer. Surgical (especially video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)) and non-surgical strategies are available. Clinicians should be aware of the evidence supporting the use of different modalitie...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1398085
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Amongst allergic asthmatics, high allergen exposure increases asthma severity. However, there is no consensus on the role of mite allergen avoidance in the management of asthma, and various guidelines differ in their recommendations. Areas covered: Several systematic reviews/meta-analyses on mite avoidan...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1651647
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The need for novel and more effective approaches to tobacco control is unquestionable. The electronic cigarette is a battery-powered electronic nicotine delivery system that looks very similar to a conventional cigarette and is capable of emulating smoking, but without the combustion products accountable for smoking's...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ers.11.92
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Innovations in surgery have significantly increased the number of procedures performed every year. While more individuals benefit from better surgical techniques and technology, a larger group of patients previously deemed ineligible for surgery now undergo high-complexity surgical procedures. Despite continuous impro...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2015.996134
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include a broad range of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders of known and unknown etiologies. Patients with ILD can experience acute exacerbations (AE) which are associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the etiology of AEs, and whether in...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1446831
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a disease that affects approximately 7% of adults residing in the USA; the prevalence is even greater in children and approaches 10%. The CDC has reported that the overall prevalence of lifetime asthma is 10.5%. New-onset asthma is most often seen in children and is associated with atopy; however, the majori...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ers.10.12
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, is a disease with a poor prognosis, and a highly heterogeneous and unpredictable clinical course. While most patients experience a relatively slow clinical, functional and radiological deterioration, a signifi...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17476348.2020.1724096
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is a state of systemic inflammation directed at microbes or their toxins in blood or tissues. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of many vasoactive molecules released from a variety of cell types during sepsis. Almost two decades ago, NO emerged as a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. NO produced by the constitutive...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ers.09.39
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid l-cysteine, is a mucolytic agent that may also act as an antioxidant by providing cysteine intracellularly for increased production of glutathione. It is also used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Areas covered: The r...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1495562
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus species are commonly isolated from lower respiratory tract samples of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and markers of immunological sensation to Aspergillus are frequently encountered in this group of patients; however, the contribution of Aspergillus to CF lung disease outside of the typical complicatio...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/17476348.2014.915751
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Few studies have provided real-world evidence of mepolizumab efficacy and safety. We aimed to evaluate mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma in daily clinical practice.Research design and methods: Patients included in the RINOVA (Interdisciplinary Network for the management of severe asthma in Veneto ...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1676734
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pulmonary mold infections are caused by ubiquitous organisms found in soil, water, and decaying vegetation, including Aspergillus spp., the Mucormycetes, hyaline molds, and dematiaceous (black) molds. Areas covered: These infections are often a challenge to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Recent...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2017.1325322
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a destructive lung disease affecting primarily women. LAM is caused by inactivating mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, resulting in hyperactivation of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Over the past five years, there have b...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1409622
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients suffering from COPD not controlled by a single bronchodilator should be given two bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action. Addition of a LABA to a LAMA induces a larger bronchodilation than that obtained with the LAMA as monotherapy and also improves many patient-reported outcomes. Since the clini...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/17476348.2016.1156538
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Survival after lung transplantation lags behind outcomes of other solid organ transplants, and complications from lung transplant are the second most common cause of death in cystic fibrosis. Evolving surgical techniques, therapeutics, and perioperative management have improved short-term survival after lu...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1522254
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, there have been major advances in knowledge of the effects of oxygen therapy in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This includes a randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy in the pre-hospital setting, which showed that high concentration oxygen ther...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2015.1016503
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent and constitutes a major health hazard. Current pharmacotherapy is ineffective in correcting sleep-disordered breathing and is used adjunctively to address residual sleepiness. A new drug, solriamfetol, a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibito...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1541742
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first recognized in 2012 and since then has resulted in cases in 23 countries in four continents. The majority of these cases were reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The disease caused a spectrum of illness, from asymptomatic to severe and possibly fa...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2015.1027689
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physical functional capacity is impaired in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). There is no tool to measure this key clinical outcome. The continuous-scale physical function performance (CS-PFP) test is one that assesses activities of daily living, but it has never been used in IPF. METHODS:We determined i...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/17476348.2015.1030396
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled antibiotic therapy, targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a fundamental component of cystic fibrosis (CF) management. Tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) was approved in the United States (US) in 1998. Subsequent research efforts focused on developing products with a reduced treatment time burden. Aztreonam fo...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2014.896205
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:LTOT is a well-established treatment option for hypoxemic patients. Scientific evidence for its benefits of LTOT dates back to the 1980s, when two randomized controlled trials showed prolonged survival in COPD-patients undergoing LTOT for at least 15 hours/day. In contrast, the potential benefits of LTOT i...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2017.1325323
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of pulmonary hypertension has already incorporated the use of multiple therapies into routine practice. Available therapies act principally through vasodilatation of the pulmonary arterial circulation through well-delineated mechanisms, although right ventricular function determines function and prognos...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ers.11.13
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The management of infected pleural effusion is complex. Therapeutic resolution requires determining the following: appropriate antibiotic regimen, the need for pleural drainage, the optimal drainage tube size, and the need for intrapleural therapy or surgery. Areas covered: An updating of the latest advanc...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1475234
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Anemia is often seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the implications of anemia on the outcomes of patients with COPD is not clearly known. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of anemia on the morbidity and mortality of pati...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17476348.2020.1816468
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury common in critically ill patients and characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. It frequently manifests long-lasting effects beyond hospitalization, from cognitive impairment to physical weakness.Areas covered: S...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17476348.2020.1743182
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is an evolving diagnostic tool in respiratory medicine that allows the bronchoscopist to see beyond the airway. The radial probe EBUS was first introduced to evaluate the central airway structure. With advances in technology, the small radial probes can now visualize and assist transbro...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ers.10.39
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common disease all around the world and has become an increasing public health concern to the Chinese medical community. In the past decades, telehealthcare technology has become a good way to manage COPD but current evidence makes it hard to determine the effecti...
journal_title:Expert review of respiratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/17476348.2013.838019
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00