Cross-border drug injection relationships among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:International borders are unique social and environmental contexts characterized by high levels of mobility. Among drug users, mobility increases risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in part through its effects on the social environment. However, the social dynamics of drug users living in border regions are understudied. METHODS:1056 injection drug users (IDUs) residing in Tijuana, Mexico were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from 2006 to 2007, and underwent surveys and testing for HIV, syphilis, and tuberculosis (TB). Using logistic regression on baseline data, we identified correlates of having ever injected drugs with someone from the US. RESULTS:Almost half (48%) reported ever injecting drugs with someone from the US. In RDS-adjusted logistic regression, factors independently associated with having ever injected with someone from the US included: having greater than middle school education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.91; 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.52, 5.91), speaking English (AOR 3.24, 95% C.I. 1.96, 5.36), age (AOR 1.10 per year; 95% C.I. 1.07, 1.14), age at initiation of injection drug use (AOR 0.90 per year; 95% C.I. 0.86, 0.94), homelessness (AOR 2.61; 95% C.I. 1.27, 5.39), and having ever been incarcerated (AOR 11.82; 95% C.I., 5.22, 26.77). No associations with HIV, syphilis, TB, drug use, or injection risk behavior were detected. CONCLUSION:Findings suggest that IDU networks in Mexico and the US may transcend international borders, with implications for cross-border transmission of infectious disease. Binational programs and policies need to consider the structure and geographic distribution of drug using networks.

journal_name

Drug Alcohol Depend

authors

Wagner KD,Pollini RA,Patterson TL,Lozada R,Ojeda VD,Brouwer KC,Vera A,Volkmann TA,Strathdee SA

doi

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.08.009

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-01-15 00:00:00

pages

236-41

issue

2-3

eissn

0376-8716

issn

1879-0046

pii

S0376-8716(10)00296-6

journal_volume

113

pub_type

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