Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Drug overdose deaths have risen precipitously over the last fifteen years. Substantial geographic variation, beyond a simple rural-urban dichotomy, exists in the concentration of overdose deaths, suggesting the existence of as-yet unidentified environmental variables that predict resilience (or vulnerability) to drug overdoses. Motivated by reports highlighting the role of community fragility in the opioid epidemic, we explore whether social capital attenuates overdose death rates. METHODS:We conducted an ecologic temporal trends study from 1999 to 2014 to investigate the association between mortality due to drug overdose and social capital. Data from multiple sources were compiled at the county-level to produce an analytic dataset comprising overdose mortality, social capital, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature (N=49,664 county-years). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood that a county falls in low (<4 deaths per 100,000), moderate, or high (>16 deaths per 100,000) categories of annual overdose morality. RESULTS:We observed a strong and statistically significant inverse association between county-level social capital and age-adjusted mortality due to drug overdose (p<0.01). Compared to the lowest quintile of social capital, counties at the highest quintile were 83% less likely to fall in the "high-overdose" category and 75% less likely to fall in the "moderate-overdose" category. CONCLUSION:This study finds large-sample evidence that social capital protects communities against drug overdose. This finding could help guide policymakers in identifying where overdose epidemics are likely to occur and how to ameliorate them.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Zoorob MJ,Salemi JLdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
1-9eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(17)30029-7journal_volume
173pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A series of beta-carbolines were prepared and their affinities for imidazoline (I(1) and I(2)) sites evaluated. Selected compounds were also examined at alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. Some of the beta-carbolines were found to bind with high affinity to I(2)-sites and this affinity was dependent on both the planarity of the m...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00123-5
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnant rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either methadone hydrochloride (initial dose, 9 mg/kg/day) or sterile water. Their offspring were cross-fostered so that they were exposed to methadone prenatally and/or postnatally. Perinatal methadone exposure disrupted cholinergic activity on postnatal ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(96)01238-0
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research suggests that attention deficit disorder (ADD) may persist into adulthood, perhaps predisposing certain individuals to stimulant abuse. The authors describe two adults with chronic cocaine abuse and apparent residual ADD. After failing to respond to conventional treatment modalities, these patients were admin...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(85)90031-6
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective rewarding value, relative reinforcing value, and absolute reinforcing value of an e-cigarette with nicotine compared to an unflavored e-cigarett...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.030
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study examined whether young adult marijuana use increases risk of subsequent large cigar (LC) and little cigar/cigarillo (LCC) use among naïve users. METHODS:Data were from 8 waves of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort, a national sample of US young adults aged 18-34 assessed every 6 months. Disc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.020
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum calcitonin (CT) concentrations were determined in 96 heroin addicts. CT levels were assayed by radioimmunological method employing two antisera, one vs. the 17-32 fraction (IMN) of the human CT, the other vs. the 11-32 fraction (B7). In heroin addicts the CT mean values were significantly higher (P less than 0.0...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(88)90052-x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The present study integrated behavioral and neuroelectric approaches for determining the dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and methamphetamine (MA) craving and between exercise intensity and inhibitory control in individuals with MA dependence. METHODS:Ninety-two individuals with MA dep...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.023
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Regional variation in pharmacy-dispensed naloxone rates could create access disparities that undermine the effectiveness of this approach. We explored individual and public health unit (PHU)-level determinants of regional variation in naloxone distribution through the Ontario Naloxone Program for Pharmacies....
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108238
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The current study examines the prevalence and correlates of lifetime non-fatal overdose (OD) involving the nonmedical use of prescription opioids and tranquilizers among a sample of high-risk young adults in New York, NY and Los Angeles, CA. METHODS:Data were derived from a cross-sectional study of 16-25 ye...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.014
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjective and electroencephalographic reactions to cocaine cues were evaluated in 33 cocaine-dependent out-patients and 17 non-cocaine-dependent controls. Subjective, EEG, and autonomic reactions to three 5-min videos (cocaine-associated, erotic, neutral) were evaluated twice with an interpolated 1-week interval. Bet...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(95)01165-3
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthcare providers can receive waivers to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, an evidence-based medication. The United States federal government has undertaken numerous recent efforts to expand access to waivers. This study describes national trends in the U.S. in 2016 and 2018, geospatial cha...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.029
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A statistical analysis of the MAST scores obtained by its administration to industrial workers, hospitalized alcoholics and persons arrested driving while intoxicated has been performed. The author discusses the modalities and possibilities of improving the test reliability which will increase its efficiency in the sc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(89)90064-1
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Routine screening for unhealthy alcohol use is widely recommended in primary care settings. However, the validity of repeat screening among patients who have previously screened negative remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a clinical alcohol screen compared to a confidential compa...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.017
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The long allele of DRD4 is associated with greater susceptibility to peer influences on alcohol use in young adulthood, but it is unclear whether this increased susceptibility extends to other developmental periods. This study examined the interactive effects of DRD4 polymorphism and friends' alcohol use fro...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.009
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of experiments have evaluated self-administration of the combination of a stimulant and an opioid. Less is known about the combination of a stimulant and a CNS depressant. The present experiment was designed to examine self-administration of the mixture of cocaine and pentobarbital (PB). Rhesus monkeys (n=4) ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.013
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In parallel to a substantial increase in opioid overdose deaths in New Hampshire (NH), emergency personnel experienced an increase in opioid-related encounters. To inform public health responses to this crisis, insights into the experiences and perspectives of those emergency personnel who treat opioid-relat...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107555
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluated the relationship between diagnoses of cocaine and sedative dependence and drug use early in treatment among opioid-dependent patients in methadone substitution therapy. New admissions (n = 138) were assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM III-R (SCID) for presence of Axis...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(96)01268-9
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 370 opioid-dependent patients included consecutively in a low-threshold methadone maintenance program, the effect of different variables on the retention rate was assessed. The variables included the patients' age, sex, family situation, employment status, length of heroin use, current route of drug consumption, pr...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(96)01230-6
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mental health problems have been identified among soldiers serving in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), but little is known about the prevalence and management of alcohol misuse in OEF/OIF veterans seen in the Veterans Administration health care system (VA). METHODS:We identified 12,0...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.025
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Replacement therapy with the synthetic mu-opioid agonist methadone is an efficacious treatment for opioid abuse. While much is known about methadone's pharmacology, its discriminative stimulus properties remain largely unexplored. The present study sought to establish methadone discrimination in rats. Moreover, some r...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.02.015
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous research links cigarette use and marijuana use in adolescence with the use of other illicit substances. Limited research, however, has explored whether vaping nicotine and marijuana, along with using these substances through multiple modes of delivery (traditional cigarette/marijuana use and vaping) is...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108469
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The leading cause of injury death among adults in Connecticut (CT), USA is drug poisonings. We analyzed the epidemiology and geographic distribution of opioid-involved accidental drug-involved intoxication deaths ("overdoses") in CT over an 11-year period. METHODS:We reviewed data from 1997 to 2007 on all a...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.007
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:An emerging area of preclinical research has investigated whether drug use in parents prior to conception influences drug responsivity in their offspring. The present work sought to further characterize such effects with cannabis by examining whether a parental THC history modified locomotor sensitization to...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107985
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) levels of methadone were measured in nine methadone maintenance patients requiring lumbar punctures for medical or surgical treatment. Concurrent serum methadone levels were also determined. The CSF concentration of methadone in all cases was a fraction of the corresponding serum level--ran...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(78)90022-4
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To improve measures of monthly tobacco cigarette smoking among non-daily smokers, predictive of future non-daily monthly and daily smoking. METHODS:Data from United States National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, tracking adolescents, ages 12-21, over 14 years were analyzed. At baseline, 6...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.043
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous research has demonstrated how negative affect (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) is often a correlate of and precursor to nicotine dependence. Although recent evidence shows a gradual decline in tobacco use in the United States, subgroups that report higher levels of negative affect may continue to...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107883
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical dependence on alcohol was observed previously at the cellular level in cultured IM-9 human lymphoblast cells. To answer the question whether physical dependence can also develop in neurones and to investigate the neuronal processes involved in the development of alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms, cul...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00132-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To determine the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and harm among current heroin users. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS:615 current heroin users. FINDINGS:Forty-six percent met criteria for BPD, 71% for ASPD,...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.002
更新日期：2004-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study describes an ultra-rapid opiate detoxification method using direct transition from heroin or methadone to oral naltrexone after deep sedation with oral midazolam in conjunction with ondansetron and clonidine treatment. Twenty patients were detoxified with the method. No serious events occurred, but t...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00100-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use are prevalent behaviors that pose considerable health risks. Genetic vulnerability and characteristics of the neighborhood of residence form important risk factors for substance use. Possibly, these factors do not act in isolation. This study tested the interaction between ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107948
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
