Abstract:
:Food allergy is a significant health issue in the UK, affecting between 1 and 2% of adults and 5 and 8% of children. The UK Food Standards Agency seeks to ensure the safety of food allergic consumers by providing them with information and guidance on food choices. Since 1995, with the aim of addressing important policy issues and improving the quality of the support and guidance available for food allergic consumers, the Agency (and before that the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), has had a programme of research dedicated to investigating the causes and mechanisms of food allergy and delivering benefits for UK consumers. In this paper, we outline some of the major scientific challenges that the programme has sought to address. We reflect on how the findings have been used as a basis for the development of sound, evidence-based policy and advice for UK consumers, and the current direction of research being supported by the programme.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Buck J,Hattersley S,Kimber Idoi
10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-30 00:00:00pages
319-25issue
3eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(10)00325-2journal_volume
278pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::The Salmonella mutagenicity assay was utilized to compare hepatic S9 fractions derived from wild and laboratory reared woodchucks (Marmota monax). Two promutagens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracence (DMBA) and 2-amino-fluorene (AF) were tested at 5 concentrations with the tester strains TA98 and TA100, against 2 levels o...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90058-3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clonal cell line, R40F, was selected from a heterogenous population of Cd2+ and Zn2+-resistant CHO-K1 cells. These R40F cells demonstrated resistance to 120- and 4-fold higher concentrations of Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively, than did wild type CHO-K1 cells. When cultured in the presence of low concentrations of Cd2+ (...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(83)90088-4
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The agricultural fungicide, N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces acute polyuric renal failure which is attenuated by pretreatment with the glutathione depletors, diethyl maleate or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In the present study, the temporal aspects of BSO attenuation of NDPS nephrotoxicity were invest...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03581-0
更新日期:1997-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Recent Canadian research efforts have been directed towards the development of a reactive skin decontaminant (RSD) lotion active against classical nerve agents and mustard. The formulation presently under study consists of a 1.25 molal solution of potassium 2,3-butanedione monoximate (KBDO) in polyethylene glycol meth...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(91)90028-y
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol is able to cross the placenta, which may cause teratogenicity. Here we investigated whether ethanol consumption during pregnancy (ECDP), even at doses unable to cause malformation, might increase the susceptibility of fetal rat liver to oxidative insults. Since cholestasis is a common condition in alcoholic li...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.015
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DF) is associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and several other distinct hypersensitivity reactions. The mechanism(s) are unknown but evidence suggests both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune effector systems may be involved. In the present stud...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00008-2
更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic reactions are among the common adverse effects in humans. However, it is widely assumed that there are practically no reliable animal models for preclinical tests of low-molecular weight drugs that are available to predict such reactions. This study was designed to compare the detecting ability of test method...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00118-2
更新日期:1997-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important as drug metabolizing enzymes mainly in the detoxication process. To assess individual differences in susceptibility to different chemicals, it would be useful to know the activity of specific GST isozymes in individuals. In order to study individual variability, typical ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90120-1
更新日期:1994-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Utah Valley has provided an interesting and unique opportunity to evaluate the health effects of respirable particulate air pollution (PM10). Residents of this valley are predominantly nonsmoking members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). The area has moderately high average PM10 levels with...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03372-0
更新日期:1996-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperhomocysteinemia has been proposed as an important risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias and ischemia worldwide. However, the cellular mechanism underlying toxic effects of homocysteine on hearts remains conjectural. It is well known that aberrant sodium channels can promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias an...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2008.11.020
更新日期:2009-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The efficiency of the sodium salt of 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS) and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to mobilize mercury from tissues has been assessed in rats pretreated with different doses of HgCl2, phenylmercury acetate or exposed to different concentrations of mercury vapors. These pretreatments...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(89)90067-x
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fischer 344 rats were exposed to filtered air (controls) or to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm of ozone for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 20 months. We examined lung collagen deposition and metabolism in tissue from these animals to determine whether chronic exposure of rats to ozone causes pulmonary fibrosis. We observed excess st...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90110-e
更新日期:1993-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity to HeLa cells of 29 plasticizers was determined in the MIT-24 test system. The 7-day IC50 for HeLa cells varied from 260 to 1.5 g/l. Phthalates, adipates, sebacates, azelates and phosphates with long carbon chain alcohols were very non-toxic to the cells, probably due to insolubility in water of the compo...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(82)90002-6
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paraquat, a quarternary nitrogen herbicide, is a highly toxic compound for humans and animals and many cases of acute poisoning and death have been reported over the past few decades. The mechanisms of paraquat toxicity involve: the generation of the superoxide anion, which can lead to the formation of more toxic reac...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00382-7
更新日期:2002-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Acute toxic effects of the antineoplastic anthraquinones carminomycin, epirubicin, idarubicin and mitoxantrone were studied in primary cultures of cardiomyocytes, which were isolated from adult rats. Both time- and concentration-dependent changes of cell structure and viability (trypan blue exclusion) following incuba...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00041-4
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel dexrazoxane derivative JR-311 was prepared to investigate structure-activity relationships and mechanism(s) of protection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Its cardioprotective, antiproliferative, iron (Fe) chelation and inhibitory and/or depletory activities on topoisomerase IIbeta (TOP2B) were examined and...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.09.012
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential of single, toxic doses of fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitro-m-tolyl)phosphorothioate) to elicit delayed neurotoxicity in the adult White Leghorn hen was compared to the effects produced following similar treatment with the known neurotoxin, tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP). Hens (2.0-2.5 kg body wt) rece...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(86)90185-x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now well-recognized that human environmental exposures are not to single chemicals. Rather, humans are exposed, either concurrently or sequentially, to multiple chemicals. Challenges that chemical mixtures pose for risk assessment and toxicology are presented. Challenge areas include increasing the peer-reviewed...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03205-t
更新日期:1995-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the potential toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on hepatic and renal tissues. In this study, we investigated the modifications in endogenous antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats by exposure to one of the most persistent PBDE congeners, the 2,2',4,...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.03.006
更新日期:2010-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Extract and fractions of city smog collected from a heavy industrialized area caused in vitro dose-dependent reduction of cell survival of mouse macrophages and a growth inhibition of human fetal diploid lung fibroblasts. Great differences were observed in both cell systems between the total extract and its different ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(80)90091-8
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to compare the roles of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine, amlodipine on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental g...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.067
更新日期:2007-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The development of mouse embryos was studied after intraperitoneal injection of nickel chloride in the preimplantation period. A single intraperitoneal injection of NiCl2 . 6H2O in 0.154 M NaCl corresponding to 20 mg/kg body wt was given to groups of female mice on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of gestation. Control groups ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(81)90104-9
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gender is a factor that influences susceptibility of individuals to drug-induced liver injury in experimental animals and humans. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance of female mice to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Overnight-fasted male and female CD-1 mice were administer...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.018
更新日期:2011-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::It is accepted practice in presenting organ weight data to express the results relative to the animal's body weight. The data presented suggest that in rats no benefits are obtained from this method either in reducing the variability of the data or in removing bias due to different body weights. By using simulated dat...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(76)90050-0
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility that Cd administration could activate the pituitary-adrenal axis has been studied. It was found that acute administration of Cd strongly increased serum corticosterone levels. Adrenocortical activation correlated well with serum Cd levels, suggesting that adrenal activation was dependent on the presenc...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90119-3
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quartz is a well-known occupational fibrogenic agent able to cause fibrosis and other severe pulmonary diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer. The silicotic pathology owes its severity to the structural and chemo-physical properties of the particles such as shape, size and abundance of surface radicals. In earlier...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.001
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Whole body autoradiograms of mice injected with 2,2',3,3',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,3,3',4',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (II), 2,2',3,5',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (III) and 2,3',4,5,5'-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (IV) showed a specific accumulation of I-III in the lung parenchyma, whereas IV did not accumulate in ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(81)90146-3
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxicity of CdCl2 and 2 isoforms of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT I and II), was investigated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The cell cultures were exposed to cadmium as CdCl2 or as either isoform of CdMT for a 20-h period at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ng Cd X ml-1. Cytotoxicity ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(87)90034-5
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive isomeric 3- and 4-trifluoromethylanilines (3-,4-TFMA), and control aniline itself, induced the following effects on biosynthesis of DNA in the liver, kidney, thymus and spleen of rats: (a) The administration of 4-TFMA initially suppressed the utilization of labeled thymidine for splenic DNA synthesis during t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90091-6
更新日期:1993-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin is used as a cytotoxic agent for the management of cervical cancer. However, the severity of the side-effects limits the use of this drug, particularly at high doses. Resistance to cisplatin is often attributed to a disruption in the normal apoptotic response via aberrant activation of pathways such as the m...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2015.07.010
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00