Treatment of sarcoidosis.

abstract：:Pulmonary immunity to fungal pathogens requires both innate and adaptive immune responses. Alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils are the phagocytic cells of the lung innate system. These cells produce early inflammatory mediators (i.e., reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines) in response t...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hernández Y,Herring AC,Huffnagle GB

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rybicki BA,Iannuzzi MC

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischemia-reperfusion injury and infections have contributed to increase the 1 year patient survival after lung transplantation to 70 to 80%. However, the incidence of acute rejection remains higher than a...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Knoop C,Estenne M

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to large emboli that cause hemodynamic instability, right ventricular failure, and circulatory collapse. According to the 2016 ACCP Antithrombotic Guidelines, therapy for massive PE should include systemic thrombolytic therapy in conjunction with anticoagulation and supportive ca...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Weinberg A,Tapson VF,Ramzy D

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen in the infection arena. It is able to easily adapt to the environment which it inhabits and can also colonize and invade the human host to cause serious infections. In 2011, it was responsible for 7.1% of all health care-associated infection in the United States. The mor...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： McCarthy K

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of patients suspected of having ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires a strategy for diagnosis and treatment that is designated to: (1) identify patients with true lung bacterial infection; (2) determine the pathogen(s) responsible for pneumonia; (3) permit early selection of appropriate antimi...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fagon JY

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term atypical pneumonia was first used in 1938, and by the 1970s it was widely used to refer to pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila (or other Legionella species), and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. However, in the purest sense all pneumonias other than the classic bacterial pneumonias are aty...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Marrie TJ,Costain N,La Scola B,Patrick W,Forgie S,Xu Z,McNeil SA

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is a complex disorder commonly associated with other conditions such as connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and environmental exposures. Although idiopathic NSIP has been recognized as a separate clinical entity, recent studies have suggested that a proportion of these cases hav...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Teoh AKY,Corte TJ

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome represents a continuum of cumulative organ dysfunction from very mildly altered function to total and, rarely, irreversible organ failure and is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). The terms multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), multiple organ system failure (MO...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ferreira AM,Sakr Y

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past decade, much information has been gained on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients suspected of having hospital-acquired pneumonia. The key to an effective therapeutic approach is the diagnostic strategy used, and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Many patients, but no...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Brun-Buisson C

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory samples obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in infectious processes provide important microbiological and cytological information to manage this type of patient. Most of the clinical and experimental BAL investigations have been done in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and in immunosuppressed con...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ramírez P,Valencia M,Torres A

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of thi...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Goss CH

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, characterized by symmetric joint involvement, but it can also affect other organ systems, including the lungs. The better-known pulmonary manifestations of RA are interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. Less common manifestations include br...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gauhar UA,Gaffo AL,Alarcón GS

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed frequently by paramedics, emergency department personnel, and inpatient physicians. Unfortunately, after more than 40 years of practice and study, there are still many controversies and unresolved treatment issues. This article focuses on four current controversies in C...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： White SJ,Himes D,Rouhani M,Slovis CM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. However, there is large geographic variation internationally and within nations. Despite the fact that many causes of lung cancer have been established, cigarette smoking is the principal cause. Accounting for historical prevalence of cigarette smoking is ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Alberg AJ,Nonemaker J

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer is the number one cause of death from cancer in the United States. Currently, there is no official recommendation to screen for lung cancer even in high-risk populations. Accordingly, we wait for patients to present with symptoms. Only 15-20% of patients are stage I lung cancer at diagnosis. Past screening...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Jett JR

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) represents one of the largest subsets of patients with pneumonia. Based on epidemiological projections for the aging U.S. population, the number of hospitalizations for HCAP is expected to increase exponentially for the next several decades. The unique risk factors for colonizati...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Morrow LE

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of a patient with hypoventilation requires a combination of clinical history, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, and chest radiography to help determine the cause. Specialized testing such as measurement of respiratory muscle strength and assessment of ventilatory control may also be needed. ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Berry RB,Sriram P

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease. Some of this is accounted for by CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction in individual organs but in some cases this is compounded by the effects of systemic inflammation. The inflammation is in response to the chronic infection in the airways and is particularly im...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Elborn JS

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is important because untreated deep vein thrombosis can cause death or permanent impairment and because effective treatments are available. The approach to the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis varies because of differences in local resources and expertise. Duplex ultrasonogr...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Elliott CG

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When Dr. Joseph Lynch, editor of Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, invited us to organize and edit this topic we-and our contributors-were initially baffled about how we could marry outcomes, ethics, and economics. His perspective as an elder-statesman, who has observed the evolution of critical care...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Manthous CA,White DB,Carson SS

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella pneumophila has been found to be a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In many studies, the clinical manifestations for Legionnaires' disease were more severe and the mortality was higher when compared with pneumonias of other etiology. ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Vergis EN,Akbas E,Yu VL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing prevalence and recognition of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) coupled with an awareness of its detrimental health consequences has resulted in the need for timely and cost efficient access to diagnostic sleep testing and treatment. As a result, increased emphasis is being placed on simplified ambulatory m...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cruz SD,Littner MR,Zeidler MR

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coccidioidomycosis manifests as a variety of clinical manifestations and ranges in severity from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity to reinfection, to fulminant, and life-threatening disseminated disease. Primary coccidioidal pneumonia represents the most common clinical form of infection, and the incidence...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Twarog M,Thompson GR 3rd

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Mortality from a variceal bleeding episode has decreased in the last 2 decades from 40% to 15 to 20% due to the implementation of effective treatments and improvement in the general medical care. Initial treatment should include adequate f...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： García-Pagán JC,Reverter E,Abraldes JG,Bosch J

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pain is experienced by the overwhelming majority of patients during their intensive care unit stay, but it remains an underappreciated problem. To effectively treat pain, it must be detected and quantified using a validated assessment tool. It is acknowledged that optimal pain relief may be difficult to achieve given ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Joffe AM,Hallman M,Gélinas C,Herr DL,Puntillo K

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung-protective ventilator strategies are considered standard practice in the care of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, attention is directed at avoidance of alveolar overdistention and cyclical opening and closing. The lowest possible plateau pre...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hess DR

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance has generally increased over the past 5 decades, with occasional brief respites following the introduction of new antimicrobial classes. Resistance has been driven by bacterial genetic events, antibiotic pressures, and lapses in hospital hygiene. Recently promoted solutions to the problem of h...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Weinstein RA

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection (IFI), caused predominantly by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, that affects both immunocompromised (IC) and non-IC patients. Although the most serious disease manifestation is meningoencephalitis, cryptococcal pneumonia is underdiagnosed and may disseminat...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Brizendine KD,Baddley JW,Pappas PG

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a key determinant of outcome in patients with serious infections along with the virulence of the underlying pathogen. Within the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection that is frequently caused by multidrug-resistan...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kollef MH,Burnham CD

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00