Abstract:
:Pulmonary immunity to fungal pathogens requires both innate and adaptive immune responses. Alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils are the phagocytic cells of the lung innate system. These cells produce early inflammatory mediators (i.e., reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines) in response to fungal infection. The production of early cytokines by innate cells, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-12, plays a central role in the development of protective cell-mediated immunity against fungi. T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity is essential for limiting a pulmonary fungal infection. Virulence factors produced by the fungi can also modulate the host immune response. Fungal virulence factors include the production of prostaglandins and a polysaccharide capsule. The type of adaptive immune response (T1 vs T2) generated determines whether the fungi are cleared from the lungs or a chronic fungal infection prevails.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
Hernández Y,Herring AC,Huffnagle GBdoi
10.1055/s-2004-822306keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-02-01 00:00:00pages
63-71issue
1eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
25pub_type
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