Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis.

abstract：:Patients with severe infections are often treated with multiple courses of antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU), making the ICU a true antibiotic hotspot. The increasing incidence of multidrug resistance worldwide emphasizes the need for continued efforts in developing and implementing antibiotic stewardship p...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fierens J,Depuydt PO,De Waele JJ

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of predictive models has been proposed as a potential tool to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, by aiding in the timely identification of potential high-risk patients. Prognostic models in critical care have been used to characterize the severity of illness of specific diseases. Physiological changes in...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Levinson A,Miranda J,Rojas-Suarez JA

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is now more common in adults than children in countries with well-developed health care systems. The number of adults continues to increase and will further increase if the new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are disease modifying. Most of the complex morbidit...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Elborn JS

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rybicki BA,Iannuzzi MC

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM complex (MAC) consists of nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause disease in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. The organisms are ubiquitous in the environment, and acquisition occurs through ingestion or inhalation of aerosols from soil, water, or biofilms. Disease may manifest as dissemi...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kasperbauer SH,Daley CL

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pain is experienced by the overwhelming majority of patients during their intensive care unit stay, but it remains an underappreciated problem. To effectively treat pain, it must be detected and quantified using a validated assessment tool. It is acknowledged that optimal pain relief may be difficult to achieve given ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Joffe AM,Hallman M,Gélinas C,Herr DL,Puntillo K

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloidosis is the term given to abnormal deposition of misfolded precursor proteins at single or multiple sites, leading to organ dysfunction or clinical signs and symptoms. Pulmonary manifestations are nonspecific and may be associated with several amyloid protein subtypes, commonly AL (light chain) and AA (autoimmu...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Baqir M,Roden AC,Moua T

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterial infections have caused enormous morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of these, the most devastating has been tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death among HIV-positive persons globally. TB has killed more people living with HIV than any other i...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Haas MK,Daley CL

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review provides an update on literature published over the past 5 years that is relevant to using chest computed tomography (CT) as a tool for preventing occupational respiratory disease. An important area of investigation has been in the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) to screen asbestos-exposed populations for lung c...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Weissman DN

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to large emboli that cause hemodynamic instability, right ventricular failure, and circulatory collapse. According to the 2016 ACCP Antithrombotic Guidelines, therapy for massive PE should include systemic thrombolytic therapy in conjunction with anticoagulation and supportive ca...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Weinberg A,Tapson VF,Ramzy D

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paracoccidioidomycosis (formerly known as South American blastomycosis) is produced by the thermally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Most often this mycosis runs a chronic progressive course affecting preferentially the lungs followed by the skin, mucous membranes, adrenals, and reticuloendothelial org...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Restrepo A,Benard G,de Castro CC,Agudelo CA,Tobón AM

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Critical illness evoked by trauma, extensive surgery, or severe medical illnesses is the ultimate example of acute severe physical stress. The endocrine response in a critically injured and stressed patient is varied and complex. Although the acute and chronic phases of critical illness are characterized by distinct e...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Raghavan M,Marik PE

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary rehabilitation is a standard of care for patients with chronic lung disease. Through appropriate patient selection and assessment, exercise training, educational and psychosocial intervention, nutritional counseling, and breathing retraining, many benefits (e.g., reduction in level of dyspnea, improvement in...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Carlin BW

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intensive care unit (ICU) acquired pneumonia is one of the most common and morbid health care-associated infections. Despite decades of work developing and testing prevention strategies, ICU-acquired pneumonia remains stubbornly pervasive. Pneumonia prevention studies are difficult to interpret because all are at risk...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Klompas M

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of exocrine glands and a variety of extraglandular sites. Lung involvement as defined by symptoms and either pulmonary function testing or radiographic abnormalities occurs in approximately 10 to 20% of patients. Subclinica...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kreider M,Highland K

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic syndrome of unknown etiology. The treatment of the granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is thus dependent on nonspecific suppression of the immune response. Although steroid-sparing approaches have moved to front-line therapy for many other immune-mediated inflammatory d...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Lazar CA,Culver DA

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECBs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in significant cost to the health care system. Epidemiological information on chronic bronchitis is abundant and has been collected in most industrialized countries. The epidemiology...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kim N,Leeper KV Jr

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations requiring hospitalization are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the importance of COPD exacerbations has led to the knowledge that prevention of exacerbations and early treatment are important goals of COPD therapy. Preventive man...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bourbeau J

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Reid GE,Lynch JP 3rd,Weigt S,Sayah D,Belperio JA,Grim SA,Clark NM

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes the effects of beta2-agonists on asthma severity. There has been a controversy as to whether the regularly scheduled use of beta2-adrenergic agonists increases the risk of adverse outcomes in asthma. A number of epidemiological and clinical studies have found an association between the regularly...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ford JG,Iqbal J,Sunmonu Y

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vasculitides affecting large and medium-sized vessels are heterogeneous. This group includes such disorders as giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's disease, and sarcoidosis. There are several challenges that may arise in the care of patients with these disorders. Diagnosis may be elusive when initially evaluating pati...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Maksimowicz-McKinnon K,Hoffman GS

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. Although there exist some heterogeneity between patients, the course of COPD is characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations, which are among the most common causes of medical adm...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Peñuelas Ó,Frutos-Vivar F,Mancebo J

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews recent developments in the selection, assessment, and management of the potential lung donor, which aim to increase donor organ use. The scarcity of suitable donor organs continues to limit lung transplantation, but the situation is changing. An expanded donor pool, including the now widespread us...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Snell GI,Paraskeva M,Westall GP

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome represents a continuum of cumulative organ dysfunction from very mildly altered function to total and, rarely, irreversible organ failure and is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). The terms multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), multiple organ system failure (MO...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ferreira AM,Sakr Y

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary immunity to fungal pathogens requires both innate and adaptive immune responses. Alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils are the phagocytic cells of the lung innate system. These cells produce early inflammatory mediators (i.e., reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and chemokines) in response t...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hernández Y,Herring AC,Huffnagle GB

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease, characterized by symmetric joint involvement, but it can also affect other organ systems, including the lungs. The better-known pulmonary manifestations of RA are interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. Less common manifestations include br...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gauhar UA,Gaffo AL,Alarcón GS

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) represents one histologic subtype of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). NSIP is typified by temporal homogeneity and less profusion of fibroblastic foci than is seen with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), the most common IIP. Clinically patients with NSIP present with ...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Flaherty KR,Martinez FJ,Travis W,Lynch JP 3rd

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic sarcoidosis is a relatively common manifestation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. It occurs in 20 to 30% of cases and is rarely severe. However, a cluster of patients may develop severe complications such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of clinical, biologi...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rossi G,Ziol M,Roulot D,Valeyre D,Mahévas M

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Daily oral care with chlorhexidine for mechanically ventilated patients is ubiquitous in contemporary intensive care practice. The practice is predicated upon meta-analyses suggesting that adding chlorhexidine to daily oral care regimens can reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates by up to 40%. Close analys...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Klompas M

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in surgical patients, with the potential for long-term disability or fatal outcome. The rationale behind routine use of thromboprophylaxis can be summarized in three points: (1) VTE is frequent in certain surgical populations, (2) VTE may be fatal, (3) thrombopro...

journal_title：Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Petralia GA,Kakkar AK

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00