Abstract：
:Stroke in young adults is not a rare entity, and often provides difficult management decisions for neurologists. The knowledge gained from stroke in older adults does not transfer easily to this younger group given the different causes of stroke observed. Cardiac causes of stroke are common in this group, but often consist of low risk cardiac lesions such as a patent foramen ovale. Appropriate investigation should follow a stepwise approach to initially exclude higher risk pathology for recurrent stroke such as arterial dissection. Similarly, stepwise application of cardiac investigations will allow early identification of significant pathology, with investigation for abnormalities of the inter-atrial septum reserved for those with no other identified cause of stroke. Bubble contrast echo is now widely available, and with improved image quality may be performed with either transthoracic or transoesophageal echo, as well as with transcranial Doppler. Following this approach, patients can be best categorised by the expected rate of recurrent stroke, as informed by observational studies. Appropriate secondary prevention can then be tailored to the recurrence rate, with anticoagulation and possibly device closure reserved for those at highest risk of recurrence.
journal_name
J Neuroljournal_title
Journal of neurologyauthors
Cotter PE,Belham M,Martin PJdoi
10.1007/s00415-010-5647-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
1777-87issue
11eissn
0340-5354issn
1432-1459journal_volume
257pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Volume loss in the deep gray matter (DGM) has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) already at early stages of the disease and is thought to progress throughout the disease course. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact and predictive value of volume loss in DGM and thalamic subnuclei on disab...
journal_title：Journal of neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of neurology
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of neurology
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更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00415-017-8696-4
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/pl00007722
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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