Abstract：
:To determine whether the availability of either B cells or T cells regulates the number and size of germinal centres observed following antigenic challenge, irradiated PVG rats were reconstituted with limiting numbers of thoracic duct B cells (with excess T cells) or with limiting numbers of thoracic duct CD4+ cells (with sufficient B cells). Germinal centre formation was measured histologically in the spleens of reconstituted rats 7 days after immunization with 2 x 10(9) sheep erythrocytes (at the height of the germinal centre reaction). Although reconstitution with B cells and antigen alone, or with thymocytes and antigen alone, produced no germinal centres, saturating numbers of germinal centres on the order observed for normal, non-irradiated rats were observed in irradiated rats reconstituted with only 10(7) B cells and 5 x 10(6) CD4+ cells. Germinal centres in the spleens of minimally reconstituted rats were also comparable in size to those observed in normal rats. Reconstitution with either 4 x 10(7) thoracic duct lymphocytes (including 2 x 10(7) B cells, as well as CD8+ and CD4+ cells) or with 4 x 10(7) thoracic duct lymphocytes and 2 x 10(8) thymocytes also led to saturating numbers of germinal centres. It is concluded therefore that (i) CD4+ cells are sufficient for the T-cell contribution required for germinal centre formation, and (ii) some factor other than the availability of B cells or CD4+ cells normally limits germinal centre formation.
journal_name
Immunologyjournal_title
Immunologyauthors
Vonderheide RH,Hunt SVsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-03-01 00:00:00pages
487-9issue
3eissn
0019-2805issn
1365-2567journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
IMMUNOLOGY文献大全abstract：:Feeding antigens induces an immunological unresponsiveness termed oral tolerance but under some conditions, for example following the administration of cyclophosphamide (CY), immunity can be induced. These observations have usually been made by studying antibody production and delayed hypersensitivity with little atte...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LacZ (Gal)-reactive immune cells were transferred into athymic nu/nu mice inoculated with Gal-expressing syngeneic tumour cells (ESbL-Gal) in order to study tumour-protective T-cell memory. This transfer prevented tumour outgrowth in recipients and resulted in the persistence of a high frequency of Gal-specific CD8(+)...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02163.x
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines are the most important inducers of T helper (Th) cell differentiation. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) are responsible for human Th1-cell differentiation, while IL-4 is the critical cytokine promoting Th2-cell development. These two subsets of cells co-ordinate immunological responses...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02201.x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2B4 (CD244) is a member of the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily and functions as a triggering molecule on natural killer (NK) cells. Previously, we have found that 2B4-mediated activation of NK cells involves complex interactions involving LAT, Ras, Raf, ERK and p38 and that cytolytic function and cytokine...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01662.x
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factor B-like activity associated with human peripheral blood lymphocytes was first described by Halbwachs & Lachmann (1976), who employed a functional assay. In this present study, clones of B cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and lymphoblastoid 'Raji' cells were used. The surface of these ce...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transport of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to the endocytic route is directed by the associated invariant chain (Ii). In the endocytic pathway, Ii is proteolytically cleaved and, upon removal of residual Ii fragments, class II alpha beta dimers are charged with antigenic peptide and recogni...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00676.x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The locomotor capacity of human lymphocytes is cell cycle-related. Many small blood lymphocytes are non-motile but acquire locomotor capacity in G1 on appropriate activation with e.g. anti-CD3 antibody (aCD3) for T cells, or interleukin-4 (IL-4) for B cells. Once this capacity is acquired, the cells can then respond b...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of CD45RO on intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) bearing the T-cell receptor (TcR) alpha/beta or gamma/delta was studied in situ by three-colour immunofluorescence on jejunal tissue sections from 21 patients with coeliac disease and eight controls. CD45RA-TcR alpha/beta+ IEL expressed CD45RO significantly mor...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process by which naive T cells become activated, differentiate into effector cells and ultimately generate long-lived memory cells is dependent upon a number of factors, including the costimulatory signals received by the T cell. To best understand the multiple events involved, it is important to understand the po...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02396.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is clear that the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase is required for efficient T-cell activation and T-cell development, the factors that regulate CD45 function remain uncertain. Previous data have indicated that there is an association of CD45 with CD4 and the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex controlled by the variab...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02602.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An autoreactive T-cell clone, MTg9B3, specific for mouse thyroglobulin, has been characterized. This clone has properties consistent with it an being autoreactive T helper cell. It is I-A restricted, with a surface phenotype of Thy 1+, L3T4+, Ly2-, and produces a number of non-specific lymphokine activities following ...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation is mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and their cytokines, but the mechanism that initiates the Th2 immunity is not fully understood. Recent studies show that basophils play important roles in initiating Th2 immunity in some inflammatory models. Here we explored the ro...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imm.12240
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor expressed in a number of different cells of the immune system. This study was performed to determine the effect of VDR deficiency on immune function and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in a model of inflammatory bowel disease, namely interleukin-10 (IL-10) ...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02290.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is known that dendritic cells (DC) migrate in response to inflammatory stimuli. There is little information about the expression of receptors for chemotactic factors on DC. The present study has demonstrated by double immunostaining and flow cytometry of Langerhan's cell (LC)-enriched epidermal cell suspen...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-701.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-16 (IL-16) acts as a chemoattractant for CD4+ cells, as a modulator of T-cell activation, and plays a key role in asthma. This report describes the cytokine-inducing effects of IL-16 on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and PBMC subpopulations. While CD4+ T lymphocytes did not secrete cytokin...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00997.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study addresses the question of whether human peripheral CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells possess antigen-specific immune memory. CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells were isolated by a combination of positive and negative selection. Putative CD4+ CD45RA+ cells expressed CD45RA (98.9%) and contained < 0.1% CD4+ CD45RO+ and < 0.5% CD4+ CD45R...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00274.x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Degradation of the extracellular matrix plays an important role in rheumatoid articular destruction. Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts secrete a large amount of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs), which initiate tissue damage by proteolytic degradation of collagens and proteoglycans. Cytokines, such as interleuk...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-789.x
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycoprotein counter-receptors for E-selectin borne on skin-homing T cells are poorly defined. In this study we have used flow cytometry to investigate the surface expression of potential carbohydrate ligands for E-selectin on HUT78, a skin-homing cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These cells possessed high surface expre...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00551.x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamins A and E and select flavonoids in the family of catechins are well-defined small molecules that, if proven to possess immunomodulatory properties, hold promise as vaccine adjuvants and various therapies. In an effort to determine the in vivo immunomodulatory properties of these molecules, we found that althoug...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imm.12614
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45 is known to regulate signalling through many different surface receptors in diverse haemopoietic cell types. Here we report for the first time that CD45-/- bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) are more activated than CD45+/+ cells and that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by BMDC and...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02363.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from non-immunized rabbits or from rabbits immunized several months previously with a single dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were cultured at several different cell densities in the presence of antigen for 5 days. The cells were then distributed in 10 microliter microcultures at...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From our experiments and those of others in which cells were cultured at a density of 100,000 cells per well, it has been suggested that autoantibody production against mouse bromelain-treated erythrocytes (mouse brom-RBC) was independent of T cells, and further, was enhanced by the removal of T cells from responsive ...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells subjected to nucleoside incorporation studies using radiolabelled materials may suffer radiation damage that can alter the results. We did scintimetric and cytofluorographic analysis to confirm this and to determine the optimal experimental doses of, and exposure times to, [3H]-TdR, in order to prevent or minimi...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) catalyse the formation of hypochlorite (OCl-) from chloride ions (OCl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). OCl- proved to be highly toxic for Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (NBL) in in vitro assays. Using purified human MPO and EPO it was found that even at neutral...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-cell mediated immunity (CMI) is crucial for protection against genital chlamydial infection in mice. To define the underlying molecular mechanism for this protection, several T-cell clones generated against the Chlamydia trachomatis agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) were analysed in an in vitro model of the mucosal ...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of immunological tolerance--the state of specific unresponsiveness to allogeneic transplants and all manner of other antigens--began in 1945 with R.D. Owen's finding that cattle dizygotic twins are red blood cell chimeras. Peter Medawar's group in Birmingham likewise discovered, quite independently, that c...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imm.12567
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin 27 (IL-27) has been identified as a potent cytokine in the differentiation of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells through interactions with several key elements, including transcription factors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-21. Autocrine production of IL-21 is known to be important for maintaining I...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imm.12789
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epigenetic regulation of transcription factor genes is critical for T-cell lineage specification. A specific methylation pattern within a conserved region of the lineage specifying transcription factor gene FOXP3, the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), is restricted to regulatory T (Treg) cells and is requi...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imm.12261
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-reactive clones, estimated by anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in conjunction with the Mls system, are confined to a population of intermediate (int) T-cell receptor (TCR) (or CD3) cells (i.e. TCRint cells), but are not found among TCRhigh cells. The next questions to be answered are whether autologous kil...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00240.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface protein, which is expressed at high density on nervous tissues and at lower levels on most other solid-organ tissues. It is also expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of all lineages. In lymphocytes, its lev...
journal_title：Immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01166.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
