Buccal micronucleus cytome assay.

abstract：:Characterization of the cellular participants in tissue immune responses is crucial to understanding infection, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, graft rejection and other immunological processes. Previous reports indicate that leukocytes in lung vasculature fail to be completely removed by perfusion. Several studies sug...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Anderson KG,Mayer-Barber K,Sung H,Beura L,James BR,Taylor JJ,Qunaj L,Griffith TS,Vezys V,Barber DL,Masopust D

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol presents the peptide incorporation of environment-sensitive fluorophores derived from the dimethylaminophthalimide family. The procedure utilizes anhydride precursors of 4-dimethylaminophthalimide (4-DMAP) or 6-dimethylaminonaphthalimide (6-DMN), whose syntheses are described in a related protocol from t...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Sainlos M,Imperiali B

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant cell wall is a chemically complex structure composed mostly of polysaccharides. Detailed analyses of these cell wall polysaccharides are essential for our understanding of plant development and for our use of plant biomass (largely wall material) in the food, agriculture, fabric, timber, biofuel and biocompo...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Pettolino FA,Walsh C,Fincher GB,Bacic A

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a method to obtain spatially resolved proteomic maps of specific compartments within living mammalian cells. An engineered peroxidase, APEX2, is genetically targeted to a cellular region of interest. Upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide for 1 min to cells preloaded with a biotin-phenol substr...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Hung V,Udeshi ND,Lam SS,Loh KH,Cox KJ,Pedram K,Carr SA,Ting AY

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of single-molecule switching (SMS) fluorescence microscopy (also called single-molecule localization microscopy) over the last decade has enabled researchers to image cell biological structures at unprecedented resolution. Using two opposing objectives in a so-called 4Pi geometry doubles the available ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Wang J,Allgeyer ES,Sirinakis G,Zhang Y,Hu K,Lessard MD,Li Y,Diekmann R,Phillips MA,Dobbie IM,Ries J,Booth MJ,Bewersdorf J

更新日期：2020-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 400,000 people each year suffer adverse effects following bites from venomous snakes. However, snake venom is also a rich source of bioactive molecules with known or potential therapeutic applications. Manually 'milking' snakes is the most common method to obtain venom. Safer alternative methods to produce v...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Puschhof J,Post Y,Beumer J,Kerkkamp HM,Bittenbinder M,Vonk FJ,Casewell NR,Richardson MK,Clevers H

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Biominerals serve as critical structures of living systems and play important roles in biochemical processes. Understanding their crystallization mechanisms is therefore central to many areas of biology, biogeoscience, and biochemistry. Some biominerals, such as bone and dentin, are hierarchical nanocomposite structur...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Zhang X,He Y,Liu J,Bowden ME,Kovarik L,Mao SX,Wang C,De Yoreo JJ,Rosso KM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transitivity Clustering is a method for the partitioning of biological data into groups of similar objects, such as genes, for instance. It provides integrated access to various functions addressing each step of a typical cluster analysis. To facilitate this, Transitivity Clustering is accessible online and offers thr...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Wittkop T,Emig D,Truss A,Albrecht M,Böcker S,Baumbach J

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are posttranslationally conjugated to eukaryotic cellular proteins with generally unpredictable consequences. SUMO substrates are found in many cellular systems, and functional analysis has revealed that substrate SUMOylation often has an important role in their regulation. H...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Tatham MH,Rodriguez MS,Xirodimas DP,Hay RT

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the direct analysis of ordinary objects or pre-processed samples under ambient conditions. Among other applications, DESI is used to identify and record spatial distributions of lipids and drug molecules in biological tissue sections. This technique does not require sam...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Wiseman JM,Ifa DR,Venter A,Cooks RG

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes how to purify and radiolabel collagen for use as a substrate to assay collagenolytic members of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This assay measures enzymes that specifically cleave native triple helical collagen. After incubation of the MMP enzyme with the collagen substrate at 37 degrees...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Cawston TE

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-cell gene expression analysis has contributed to a better understanding of the transcriptional heterogeneity in a variety of model systems, including those used in research in developmental, cancer and stem cell biology. Nowadays, technological advances facilitate the generation of large gene expression data se...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Durruthy-Durruthy R,Gottlieb A,Heller S

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding chemical reactivity through the use of state-of-the-art computational techniques enables chemists to both predict reactivity and rationally design novel reactions. This protocol aims to provide chemists with the tools to implement a powerful and robust method for analyzing and understanding any chemical ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Vermeeren P,van der Lubbe SCC,Fonseca Guerra C,Bickelhaupt FM,Hamlin TA

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure for the conversion of a symmetrical ketone to an enantiomerically pure lactam is described. The technique described here involves a ring-expansion reaction of a 4-substituted cyclohexanone accomplished with a chiral 1,3-azidopropanol derivative. The procedure entails first a one-step preparation of (R)-1-p...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Ribelin TP,Aubé J

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Various attempts have been made to replicate clinical TBI using animal models. The fluid-percussion model (FP) is one of the oldest and most commonly used models of experimentally induced TBI. Both central (CFP) and lateral (LFP) variations of t...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Kabadi SV,Hilton GD,Stoica BA,Zapple DN,Faden AI

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the version of this protocol originally published, the caption for Fig. 3 was erroneously placed with Fig. 4, and that for Fig. 4 was placed with Fig. 3. This error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Cruz-Acuña R,Quirós M,Huang S,Siuda D,Spence JR,Nusrat A,García AJ

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) have the potential to generate a wide range of cell types including melanocytes; peripheral neurons; and smooth muscle, bone, cartilage and fat cells. This protocol describes in detail how to perform a highly efficient, lineage-specific differentiation of human pluripotent c...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Menendez L,Kulik MJ,Page AT,Park SS,Lauderdale JD,Cunningham ML,Dalton S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a critical member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by immune cells to fight infections. On the other hand, HOCl in homeostasis causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and is linked to many diseases, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Herein,...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Zhu H,Zhang Z,Long S,Du J,Fan J,Peng X

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Determining enantiomeric excess (e.e.) in chiral compounds is key to development of chiral catalyst auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Here we describe a sensitive and robust fluorescence-based assay for determining e.e. in mixtures of enantiomers of 1,2- and 1,3-diols, chiral amines, amino alcohols, and amino-acid esters....

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Shcherbakova EG,James TD,Anzenbacher P Jr

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a methodology for imaging the sequestration of infected erythrocytes of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in the bodies of live mice or in dissected organs, using a transgenic parasite that expresses luciferase. Real-time imaging of infected erythrocytes is performed by measuring b...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Franke-Fayard B,Waters AP,Janse CJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbohydrate microarrays have received considerable attention as an advanced technology for the rapid analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions. This protocol provides detailed procedures for the preparation of carbohydrate microarrays by immobilizing hydrazide-conjugated carbohydrates on epoxide-derivatized glass...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Park S,Lee MR,Shin I

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To uncover the function of and interplay between the mammalian cytosine modifications 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), new techniques and advances in current technology are needed. To this end, we have developed oxidative bisulfite sequencing (oxBS-seq), which can quantitatively locate 5mC an...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Booth MJ,Ost TW,Beraldi D,Bell NM,Branco MR,Reik W,Balasubramanian S

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization of eukaryotic cells into distinct subcompartments is vital for all functional processes, and aberrant protein localization is a hallmark of many diseases. Microscopy methods, although powerful, are usually low-throughput and dependent on the availability of fluorescent fusion proteins or highly specif...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Mulvey CM,Breckels LM,Geladaki A,Britovšek NK,Nightingale DJH,Christoforou A,Elzek M,Deery MJ,Gatto L,Lilley KS

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes procedures for performing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy analysis by three different methods: acceptor photobleaching, sensitized emission and spectral imaging. We also discuss anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-based FRET techniques. By using the ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Broussard JA,Rappaz B,Webb DJ,Brown CM

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overexpression screens can be used to explore gene function in Drosophila melanogaster, but to demonstrate their full potential, comprehensive and systematic collections of fly strains are required. Here we provide a protocol for high-throughput cloning of Drosophila open-reading frames (ORFs) that are regulated by up...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Bischof J,Sheils EM,Björklund M,Basler K

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this report we describe the development of a standardized three-dimensional (3D) system of the human oral mucosa based on an immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line (OKF6/TERT-2). The procedure takes approximately 2-3 weeks to complete and includes three main stages: preparation of collagen-embedded fibrobla...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Dongari-Bagtzoglou A,Kashleva H

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the implementation and use of an adaptive imaging framework for optimizing spatial resolution and signal strength in a light-sheet microscope. The framework, termed AutoPilot, comprises hardware and software modules for automatically measuring and compensating for mismatches between light-sheet and detecti...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Royer LA,Lemon WC,Chhetri RK,Keller PJ

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unprecedented increase in the throughput of DNA sequencing driven by next-generation technologies now allows efficient analysis of the complete protein-coding regions of genomes (exomes) for multiple samples in a single sequencing run. However, sample preparation and targeted enrichment of multiple samples has bec...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Harakalova M,Mokry M,Hrdlickova B,Renkens I,Duran K,van Roekel H,Lansu N,van Roosmalen M,de Bruijn E,Nijman IJ,Kloosterman WP,Cuppen E

更新日期：2011-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes the synthesis of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF; 1-35 kDa; a polymer useful for tissue engineering applications) by a one-pot reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and fumaryl chloride. The procedure involves three parts: dichloromethane and PEG are first dried; the reaction step ...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Kinard LA,Kasper FK,Mikos AG

更新日期：2012-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The Golgi apparatus undergoes extensive disassembly during mitosis and reassembly in post-mitotic daughter cells. This process has been mimicked in vitro by treating Golgi membranes with mitotic and interphase cytosol. To determine the minimal machinery that controls the morphological change, we have developed a defin...

journal_title：Nature protocols

authors： Tang D,Xiang Y,Wang Y

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00