Abstract：
:Functional decline in locomotion is common among the elderly, and the prevalence of gait disorders increases with age. Recently, increasing interest has been focused on the influence of age-related decline in brain function and neurological disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease on gait capacity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying gait control in the elderly remain poorly understood. We examined whether cortical activation patterns associated with the control of gait speed were related to the walking capacity in elderly subjects. Fifteen healthy elderly subjects participated in the study (mean +/- SD 63 +/- 4). Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we measured the changes in the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) while the subjects walked on a treadmill at low, moderate, and high speeds corresponding to 30, 50, and 70% intensity of work load in each subject. We found a greater increase in oxyHb in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) during walking at 70% intensity than at 50 or 30%. The degree of medial sensorimotor cortex (mSMC) and SMA activations was correlated with the locomotor speed and cadence. Heart rate response was only related with left PFC activation. Furthermore, at the highest speed, the change in the PFC activation was greater in subjects with low gait capacity than in those with high gait capacity. Our results indicate that the left PFC, SMA, and SMC control gait speed, and that the involvement of the left PFC might depend on an age-related decline in gait capacity in the elderly.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Harada T,Miyai I,Suzuki M,Kubota Kdoi
10.1007/s00221-008-1643-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
445-54issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
193pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A series of step-tracking experiments was conducted before, during, and after a 3-week space mission to assess the effects of prolonged microgravity on a non-postural motor-control task. In- and post-flight accuracy was affected only marginally. However, kinematic analyses revealed a considerable change in the underly...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050906
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postischemic spontaneous hyperthermia as a complication of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with an intraluminal filament has been observed by some authors, but many other reports do not discuss this factor. The possible reasons why some of the authors have not seen severe hyperthermia in their experiments incl...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-001-0909-4
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injections of tritiated tracer precursors into one eye revealed a highly variable lamination pattern of the LGN in the marmoset Callithrix. In one specimen, only four cell layers were apparent with some indication of further differentiation. In a second specimen, six almost complete relay layers were found in the occi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235574
更新日期：1978-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:When someone grasps an object, the grasp depends on the intended object manipulation and usually facilitates it. If several object manipulation steps are planned, the first step has been reported to primarily determine the grasp selection. We address whether the grasp can be aligned to the second step, if the second s...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-4892-9
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Absolute refractory periods of a subpopulation of corticomedial amygdala (CMA) neurones which project to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic junction (MPH) via the stria terminalis were recorded in the female rat. Previous experiments have shown that this sub-population of CMA neurones is testosterone-sensitive ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236571
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to examine the post-exercise effects of fatiguing the wrist extensor muscles of a single arm on postural tremor and muscle activity in both arms. Previous research has shown that, for neurologically normal subjects, the tremor seen within a single limb segment is uncorrelated to that seen con...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0050-x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overlap of dominant tremor frequencies and similarly amplified tremor observed for Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) means differentiating between these pathologies is often difficult. As tremor exhibits non-linear properties, employing both linear and non-linear analyses may help distinguish betw...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-4924-5
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examine cross-modality commonalities in visual and auditory imageries during fMRI scanning in a sample of healthy young adults. In a visual task combining viewed and imagined stimuli, 28 participants were asked to imagine novel scenes related to the other images, and in a similar auditory task combining heard and i...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05492-4
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) was injected intrathecally (i.t.) in decerebrate, spinalized, unanesthetized rats and its effect on the nocifensive flexor reflex was examined. The reflex, which was evoked by intense mechanical or thermal stimulation of the foot, was recorded from the ipsilateral hamstring muscles. I.t....
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248760
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local alpha-band synchronization has been associated with both cortical idling and active inhibition. Recent evidence, however, suggests that long-range alpha synchronization increases functional coupling between cortical regions. We demonstrate increased long-range alpha and beta band phase synchronization during sho...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2086-9
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present work was to characterize calcium responses of brain-capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), the cells forming the blood-brain barrier, to chemical, hyperosmolar and mechanical stimulation. Confluent BCEC cultures were grown from capillary fragments isolated from rat cerebral cortex. Intracellula...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050755
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies on motor learning typically present a constant adaptation stimulus, corresponding to the desired final adaptive state. Studies of the auditory and optokinetic systems provide compelling evidence that neural plasticity is enhanced when the error signal driving adaptation is instead adjusted gradually throughout...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1537-z
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tactile motion perception is one of the most important functions for realizing a delicate appreciation of the tactile world. To explore the neural dynamics of motion processing in the brain, the motion adaptation phenomenon can be a useful probe. Tactile motion aftereffects (MAE), however, have not been reported in a ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-0979-z
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While we walk through the environment, we constantly receive inputs from different sensory systems. For us to accomplish a given task, for example to reach a target location, the sensory information has to be integrated to update our knowledge of self-position and self-orientation with respect to the target so that we...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1146-1
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study we have demonstrated the existence of pulvinar (puv) cells which were optimally activated when a monkey executed reaching movements with his limbs (Acuña et al 1983). We now describe further observations in four Macaca nemestrina monkeys trained to perform goal directed reaching movements aimed at ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230847
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of degrading retinal image velocity information on suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex have been assessed through tachistoscopic presentation of target sources in man. Subjects were required to fixate a head-fixed display during exposure to a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal angular oscillation of the head at +/- ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239187
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. An intracellular study on pyramidal tract (PT) neurons in the cat's motor cortex was carried out to examine whether their antidromic activation would be able to induce plastic changes in the efficacy of the synapses situated on their membrane. 2. The experimental paradigm was based on the principles of classical co...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236602
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the potential contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms to the depression of reflex excitability which occurs immediately after a voluntary release from tonic muscle contraction. The excitability of the Soleus (Sol) motor pool was tested at rest and after voluntary muscle relaxation. In both cases the Sol H-r...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230904
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successive motor unit (MU) twitches often do not sum linearly. Also, muscle spindle (MS) afferents may react nonlinearly to MU contractions occurring at short intervals. Little data is presently available on the interactions between two (or more) MUs regarding their effects on tension output and MS responses. We have ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237486
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has the most diverse set of receptors in comparison with any other neurotransmitter or hormone in the body. To date, seven families of 5-HT receptors have been characterized. A great number of studies have been published regarding the role of 5-HT and its receptors in seizures. However, with...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3757-0
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experiment using reciprocal arm and wrist aiming movements with an amplitude of 16(o) and target width of .5° (ID = 6) was conducted to determine the impact of adding external loads. We predicted that wrist and arm performance may be differentially impacted by the added mass. Participants were asked to flex/extend ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3303-5
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of cerebellar cortical lesions upon conditioned nictitating membrane responses in rabbits. Using extended postoperative conditioning and unpaired presentations of the conditioned stimuli (CSs), we confirmed that combined lesions of lobules HVI and ansiform lobe abolished conditioned responses (...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228191
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a tri-axial model of spatial orientation applicable to static 1g and non-1g environments. The model attempts to capture the mechanics of otolith organ transduction of static linear forces and the perceptual computations performed on these sensor signals to yield subjective orientation of the vertical...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0387-9
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changing direction during walking is a common task humans encounter every day. This destabilizing event requires the central nervous system (CNS) to quickly produce an appropriate response, maintain stability, and propel the body in the intended direction. Previous research has demonstrated that 'individuals with mult...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3873-5
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined whether brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) would be amenable to classical conditioning. Motor cortex in human participants was stimulated with TMS pulses, which elicited a peripheral motor response in the form of a motor evoked potential (MEP). The TMS pulses were paired wit...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-1052-7
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An economical method of computing the source densities underlying human scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) is used to investigate the topography of "evaluation potentials" elicited when a subject assess the outcome of a goal-directed activity. No sign of a generative focus was observed in frontal locations...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235821
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to see whether septal neurones are connected to the hypothalamic neurones secreting vasopressin or oxytocin, neurones in different regions of the septum were recorded during electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus. The position of the stimulating electrode within the latter was verified using lactati...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237493
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional approaches to research on bimanual coordination focus on sensorimotor interference, motor programming, and effects of perception and feedback guidance; surprisingly, little is known about high-level conceptual constraints that might unify separate movements into coordinated actions. We investigated two pos...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2365-5
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A medium-latency response (MLR) has been recorded from soleus during stance and walking, and has been attributed to stretch-evoked volleys in group II afferents. The present paper describes a MLR in soleus evoked by stimulating the deep peroneal nerve, documents its characteristics and addresses its likely origin. The...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1621-4
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have reported previously that intracranial application of near-infrared light (NIr) reduces clinical signs and offers neuroprotection in a subacute MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) monkey model of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we explored whether NIr reduces the gliosis in this animal model...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4720-7
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
