Male dominance rarely skews the frequency distribution of Y chromosome haplotypes in human populations.

abstract：:TAL1 is a critical transcription factor required for hematopoiesis. However, perturbation of its activity often leads to T cell leukemia. Whether and how its transcriptional activities are regulated during hematopoiesis remains to be addressed. Here, we show that TAL1 is associated with histone demethylase complexes c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu X,Li X,Valverde K,Fu X,Noguchi C,Qiu Y,Huang S

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. This amyloid primarily contains amyloid-beta (Abeta), a 39- to 43-aa peptide derived from the proteolytic cleavage of the endogenous amyloid precursor protein. The 42-residue-length Abeta peptide (Abe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang R,Hu X,Khant H,Ludtke SJ,Chiu W,Schmid MF,Frieden C,Lee JM

更新日期：2009-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrations in the T cell repertoire with the emergence of oligoclonal populations have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the extent of the repertoire perturbations as well as the underlying mechanisms are not known. We now have examined the diversity of the peripheral CD4 T cell repe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner UG,Koetz K,Weyand CM,Goronzy JJ

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:1,N(6)-Ethenoadenosine triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) has been found to be inactive as a substrate for firefly luciferase. However, chemically synthesized luciferyl-epsilonAMP is oxidized by luciferase and light is emitted. The color of the light is red in contrast to the normal yellow-green observed with luciferyladenyla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deluca M,Leonard NJ,Gates BJ,McElroy WD

更新日期：1973-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the importance of tuberculosis as a public health problem, we know relatively little about the molecular mechanisms used by the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist in the host. To define these mechanisms, we have mutated virtually every nonessential gene of M. tuberculosis and determined...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sassetti CM,Rubin EJ

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Graphene oxide (GO), the main precursor of graphene-based materials made by solution processing, is known to be very stiff. Indeed, it has a Young's modulus comparable to steel, on the order of 300 GPa. Despite its very high stiffness, we show here that GO is superflexible. We quantitatively measure the GO bending rig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poulin P,Jalili R,Neri W,Nallet F,Divoux T,Colin A,Aboutalebi SH,Wallace G,Zakri C

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A major challenge in research on executive control is to reveal its functional decomposition into underlying neural mechanisms. A typical assumption is that this decomposition occurs solely through anatomically based dissociations. Here we tested an alternative hypothesis that different cognitive control processes may...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Braver TS,Paxton JL,Locke HS,Barch DM

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A paradigm of evolutionary biology is that adaptation and reproductive isolation are caused by a nearly infinite number of mutations of individually small effect. Here, we test this hypothesis by investigating the genetic basis of pollinator discrimination in two closely related species of monkeyflowers that differ in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schemske DW,Bradshaw HD Jr

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocytic protein trafficking is directed by sorting signals on cargo molecules that are recognized by cytosolic adaptor proteins. However, the steps necessary to segregate the variety of cargoes during endocytosis remain poorly defined. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we demonstrate that multiple plasma membrane endocy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mayers JR,Wang L,Pramanik J,Johnson A,Sarkeshik A,Wang Y,Saengsawang W,Yates JR 3rd,Audhya A

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Fragility is an empirical property that describes how abruptly a glass-forming material solidifies upon supercooling. The degree of fragility carries important implications for the functionality and processability of a material, as well as for our fundamental understanding of the glass transition. However, the microst...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ciarella S,Biezemans RA,Janssen LMC

更新日期：2019-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that control the levels and activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human mammary cells are poorly understood. We show that purified normal human basal mammary epithelial cells maintain low levels of ROS primarily by a glutathione-dependent but inefficient antioxidant mechanism that uses mitoc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kannan N,Nguyen LV,Makarem M,Dong Y,Shih K,Eirew P,Raouf A,Emerman JT,Eaves CJ

更新日期：2014-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Substantial evidence from epidemiological, pathological, and clinical reports suggests that vascular factors are critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and changes in blood flow are currently the most reliable indicators of the disease. We previously reported that older APP23 transgenic (tg) mice ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer EP,Ulmann-Schuler A,Staufenbiel M,Krucker T

更新日期：2008-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms for controlling symbiont populations are critical for maintaining the associations that exist between a host and its microbial partners. We describe here the transcriptional, metabolic, and ultrastructural characteristics of a diel rhythm that occurs in the symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wier AM,Nyholm SV,Mandel MJ,Massengo-Tiassé RP,Schaefer AL,Koroleva I,Splinter-Bondurant S,Brown B,Manzella L,Snir E,Almabrazi H,Scheetz TE,Bonaldo Mde F,Casavant TL,Soares MB,Cronan JE,Reed JL,Ruby EG,McFall-Ngai MJ

更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyclonal antibodies reactive with a cleavage site in human proinsulin (HPI) (C-peptide-A-chain junction) have been raised (rabbit, guinea pig) using a synthetic peptide antigen coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These antisera recognize native HPI and des-31,32-HPI equally well but react 20-50 times less well w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steiner DF,Michael J,Houghten R,Mathieu M,Gardner PR,Ravazzola M,Orci L

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex cooperative behavior exhibited by wild chimpanzees generates considerable theoretical and empirical interest, yet we know very little about the mechanisms responsible for its evolution. Here, we investigate the influence of kinship on the cooperative behavior of male chimpanzees living in an unusually larg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Langergraber KE,Mitani JC,Vigilant L

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent observation of superconductivity in [Formula: see text] has raised fundamental questions about the hierarchy of the underlying electronic structure. Calculations suggest that this system falls in the Mott-Hubbard regime, rather than the charge-transfer configuration of other nickel oxides and the supercondu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodge BH,Li D,Lee K,Osada M,Wang BY,Sawatzky GA,Hwang HY,Kourkoutis LF

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:During transcription, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) must select the correct nucleotide, catalyze its addition to the growing RNA transcript, and move stepwise along the DNA until a gene is fully transcribed. In all kingdoms of life, transcription must be finely tuned to ensure an appropriate balance between fidelity and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larson MH,Zhou J,Kaplan CD,Palangat M,Kornberg RD,Landick R,Block SM

更新日期：2012-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we showed using a computational agent-based model that a group of animals moving together can make a collective decision on direction of motion, even if there is a conflict between the directional preferences of two small subgroups of "informed" individuals and the remaining "uninformed" individuals have n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leonard NE,Shen T,Nabet B,Scardovi L,Couzin ID,Levin SA

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains are crucial signaling modules during innate immune responses involving the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). Myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) is a central TIR domain-containing adapter molecule responsible for nearly all TLR-mediated signaling and is targe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Snyder GA,Cirl C,Jiang J,Chen K,Waldhuber A,Smith P,Römmler F,Snyder N,Fresquez T,Dürr S,Tjandra N,Miethke T,Xiao TS

更新日期：2013-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:p63 inhibits metastasis. Here, we show that p63 (both TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms) regulates expression of miR-205 in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and miR-205 is essential for the inhibitory effects of p63 on markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as ZEB1 and vimentin. Correspondingly, the inhibitory ef...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tucci P,Agostini M,Grespi F,Markert EK,Terrinoni A,Vousden KH,Muller PA,Dötsch V,Kehrloesser S,Sayan BS,Giaccone G,Lowe SW,Takahashi N,Vandenabeele P,Knight RA,Levine AJ,Melino G

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Human mammary epithelial cells secrete and express on their cell surfaces complex mucin glycoproteins (Mr greater than 250,000) that are developmentally regulated, tumor-associated, and highly immunogenic. Studies using monoclonal antibodies directed to these glycoproteins suggest that their molecular structures can v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gendler SJ,Burchell JM,Duhig T,Lamport D,White R,Parker M,Taylor-Papadimitriou J

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two major disease-causing biotypes of Vibrio cholerae, classical and El Tor, exhibit differences in their epidemic nature. Their behavior in the laboratory also differs in that El Tor strains produce two major virulence factors, cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), only under very restricted g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DiRita VJ,Neely M,Taylor RK,Bruss PM

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The underlying structure is taken as a strongly superharmonic cone [unk], defined as a partially ordered abelian semigroup with identity 0 which admits a multiplication by nonnegative scalars and satisfies two fundamental axioms of a potentialtheoretic character. In terms of a fixed nonzero element e there is introduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arsove M,Leutwiler H

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cotranslational folding (CTF) is a fundamental molecular process that ensures efficient protein biosynthesis and minimizes the formation of misfolded states. However, the complexity of this process makes it extremely challenging to obtain structural characterizations of CTF pathways. Here, we correlate observations of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waudby CA,Wlodarski T,Karyadi ME,Cassaignau AME,Chan SHS,Wentink AS,Schmidt-Engler JM,Camilloni C,Vendruscolo M,Cabrita LD,Christodoulou J

更新日期：2018-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:D gene segments with irregular spacers (DIR) are D gene segments that are specific to higher primates. Their use is controversial because of their G+C-rich long sequences. In the human, it has always been tempting to assume that a complementarity-determining region 3 sequence has been added by terminal deoxynucleotidy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuaillon N,Capra JD

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage foam cells are integral in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Gene expression analysis of lesional macrophage foam cells is complicated by the cellular heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaque and the presence of lesions of various degrees of severity. To overcome these limitations, we tested the ab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trogan E,Choudhury RP,Dansky HM,Rong JX,Breslow JL,Fisher EA

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain serotonin (5-HT) deficiency and exposure to psychosocial stress have both been implicated in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT deficiency influences susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes induced by psychosocial stress has not been formally established. Most cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachs BD,Ni JR,Caron MG

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cell surface receptors are multimeric proteins, composed of several structural domains, some involved in ligand recognition, whereas others are responsible for signal transduction. In most cases, the mechanism of how ligand interaction in the extracellular domains leads to the activation of effector domains remai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang S,Cao J,Jiang M,Labesse G,Liu J,Pin JP,Rondard P

更新日期：2011-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligothiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds have been prepared from the reactions between Mo(2)(TiPB)(4) (TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropyl benzoate) and 3',4'-dihexyl-2,2'-:5',2''-terthiophene-5,5''-dicarboxylic acid. The oligomers of empirical formula Mo(2)(TiPB)(2)(O(2)C(Th)-C(4)(n-hexyl)(2)S-(Th)CO(2)) are soluble in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burdzinski GT,Chisholm MH,Chou PT,Chou YH,Feil F,Gallucci JC,Ghosh Y,Gustafson TL,Ho ML,Liu Y,Ramnauth R,Turro C

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular morphogenesis relies partly on cell polarization by the cytoskeleton. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, it is well established that microtubules (MTs) deliver the spatial cue Tea1, a kelch repeat protein, to the tip regions to direct the growth machinery at the cell tips driving the linear exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scheffler K,Recouvreux P,Paoletti A,Tran PT

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00