Role of homocysteine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract:

:The saga of harmful administration of levodopa (LD) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) resulted from outcomes of animal trials and cell culture studies. They were initiated after the clinical observation of onset of motor complications related to the short plasma half-life of the drug in PD patients. This discussion only partially considered a further aspect, which is associated with the long-term administration of LD. Chronic LD intake increases homocysteine plasma levels. This may support progression of the disease due to concomitant onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and comorbidities (i.e., vascular disease). In the periphery, therapeutic approaches for this LD-mediated homocysteine increase are vitamin supplementation (i.e., folic acid or application of LD with an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT]). In the brain, a blood-brain trespassing precursor of folic acid or a centrally acting COMT inhibitor may represent hypothetical therapeutic approaches. This COMT inhibitor should be applied together with an oxidative stress reducing monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, in order to force central dopamine metabolism further down via the methylation path. However, this may turn out to be a double-edged sword, since the inhibition of O-methylation with the COMT inhibitor may hypothetically contribute to increased N-methylation. Thus, endogenous tetrahydroisoquinolines may be transformed to neurotoxic N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinolines. These neurotoxic compounds were observed in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of long-term LD-treated PD patients. They have a structure similar to 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine or its ion 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, both of which are known to induce PD-like motor symptoms.

journal_name

Expert Rev Neurother

authors

Müller T

doi

10.1586/14737175.8.6.957

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-06-01 00:00:00

pages

957-67

issue

6

eissn

1473-7175

issn

1744-8360

journal_volume

8

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs.

    abstract::Many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have therapeutic applications that extend beyond epilepsy to include neuropathic pain, migraine headaches and psychiatric disorders. The risk of some AEDs has been clearly established, but for newer drugs, small sample sizes and polytherapy exposures preclude a conclusive determination ...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.10.57

    authors: Hill DS,Wlodarczyk BJ,Palacios AM,Finnell RH

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium combination for the treatment of migraine.

    abstract::Sumatriptan 85 mg with naproxen sodium 500 mg, a combination tablet for the acute treatment of migraine, is approved in the USA. It is likely that triptan/NSAID combination benefits are a class effect, although the majority of data are on sumatriptan and naproxen sodium. The combination tablet demonstrated superior ef...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.8.9.1289

    authors: Cleves C,Tepper SJ

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD: What is the empirical evidence?

    abstract::Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. There is an ongoing discussion whether symptoms of emotional dysregulation should be added to the conceptualization of ADHD in order to describe the psychopathology ...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.12.109

    authors: Retz W,Stieglitz RD,Corbisiero S,Retz-Junginger P,Rösler M

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • Dual tasking in Parkinson's disease: should we train hazardous behavior?

    abstract::Dual-task (DT) circumstances aggravate gait disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with an increased risk of falling and reduced functional mobility. Clinical rehabilitation guidelines for PD consider DT interventions as potentially hazardous and recommend avoiding them in daily life. The current art...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1077116

    authors: Strouwen C,Molenaar EA,Münks L,Keus SH,Bloem BR,Rochester L,Nieuwboer A

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Botulinum toxin treatment of adult spasticity.

    abstract::Spasticity is a common complication of CNS injury and a cause of considerable discomfort and disability for the patient and difficulty for caregivers. It is estimated that over half a million people in the USA are affected by spasticity. In recent years, advances in the treatment of spasticity include the use of intra...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/14737175.3.6.773

    authors: Sheean G

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Special biological issues in the management of women with schizophrenia.

    abstract::Schizophrenia is a debilitating and pervasive mental illness with devastating effects on psychological, cognitive and social wellbeing, and for which current treatment options are far from ideal. Gender differences and the influence of the female reproductive life cycle on the onset, course and symptoms of schizophren...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.12.62

    authors: Kulkarni J,Gavrilidis E,Hayes E,Heaton V,Worsley R

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Improving outcomes of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been a major target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) over the past 20 years. The benefits of DBS of the STN include: decreased motor fluctuations and bradykinesia, tremor reduction and a reduction in dopaminergic drug requirements and dyskinesias. Despite t...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1081815

    authors: Bari AA,Fasano A,Munhoz RP,Lozano AM

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic options for cervicogenic headache.

    abstract::The term cervicogenic headache (CeH) describes a syndrome originating from the cervical spine. There are a variety of therapeutic approaches used for the management of CeH, but scientific evidence of their effectiveness is scarce. No medication drug has proven to be effective. The evidence for greater occipital nerve ...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.863710

    authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas C,Cuadrado ML

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • An update on the comorbidity of ADHD and ASD: a focus on clinical management.

    abstract::Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly co-occur. With the DSM-5, clinicians are permitted to make an ASD diagnosis in the context of ADHD. In earlier versions of the DSM, this was not acceptable. Both ASD and ADHD are reported to have had substantial increases in pr...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1146591

    authors: Antshel KM,Zhang-James Y,Wagner KE,Ledesma A,Faraone SV

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metacognitions in generalized anxiety disorder: theoretical and practical perspectives.

    abstract::Cognitive behavioral therapy has been found to be efficacious in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, reviews of the clinical significance has indicated that approximately 50% of patients with GAD return to a 'well' status following treatment. So how might the field advance? One way is to base...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.12.161

    authors: Heiden Cv

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Pseudotumor cerebri presenting as headache.

    abstract::Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is characterized by intracranial hypertension without ventriculomegaly, in the absence of a mass lesion or meningeal process. When there is no secondary cause, it is termed 'idiopathic intracranial hypertension'. Headache is the most common symptom of PTC, present in over 90% of patients. The...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.8.3.397

    authors: Friedman DI

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Glucocorticoids in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

    abstract::Glucocorticoids exert a variety of immunomodulatory activities. Since changes in glucocorticoid homeostasis impact on susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, and synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a detailed understanding of their mechanism of action is desirable. Experime...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.6.11.1657

    authors: Reichardt HM,Gold R,Lühder F

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Response of gait deficits to neuromuscular electrical stimulation for stroke survivors.

    abstract::Persistent gait deficits after stroke can cause falls, elevated energy cost and poor endurance. Coordination impairment is an underlying cause of gait deficits. Few efficacious interventions have been described that have targeted and measured restoration of coordinated gait components. Neuromuscular electrical stimula...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.6.10.1511

    authors: Daly JJ

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • The therapeutic potential of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in chronic pain: from preclinical studies to clinical trials.

    abstract::The prevalence rate of chronic pain is 15% to 25% in adults while the therapeutic arsenal is still insufficient, especially in relieving neuropathic pain. Peripheral pain transmission is conducted by the small Aδ and C sensory nerve fibres. They express elements from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a ...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1150179

    authors: Bessaguet F,Magy L,Desmoulière A,Demiot C

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Association of chronic divalproex sodium use and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

    abstract::Divalproex sodium has been widely use for the treatment of bipolar disorder, behavioral control in schizophrenia, seizure and agitation in Alzheimer's disease. With the advent of other mood stabilizers and anticonvulsants, the use of divaplroex sodium has been slightly decreased; however, it has been a major mediation...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/ern.11.194

    authors: Han C,Shim DS,Lee SJ,Patkar AA,Masand PS,Pae CU

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Current concept of anxiety: implications from Darwin to the DSM-V for the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder.

    abstract::This article proposes a revision of the historical evolution of the concepts of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Currently, Darwin's evolutionary theory is the hegemonic paradigm for modern science and influences research on mental disorders. Throughout the 20th Century, the editions of the Diagnostic and Statistic...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.10.101

    authors: Coutinho FC,Dias GP,do Nascimento Bevilaqua MC,Gardino PF,Pimentel Rangé B,Nardi AE

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • mTOR inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for epilepsy.

    abstract::Dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway is associated with highly epileptogenic conditions such as tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, hemimegalencephaly and ganglioglioma, grouped under the term of 'mTORopathies'. Brain abnormalities associated with mTOR overactivation include enlarged and dysplastic ne...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.13.49

    authors: Curatolo P,Moavero R

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing treatment options for chronic inflammatory neuropathies and choosing the right treatment plan.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic inflammatory neuropathies are disorders caused by an immune response to peripheral nerve. They include chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and neuropathy associated with anti-MAG IgM monoclonal gammopathy and other less frequent neurop...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1340832

    authors: Nobile-Orazio E,Gallia F,Terenghi F,Bianco M

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: current approaches to clinical management.

    abstract::In the last two decades clinicians have become increasingly aware of the frequency, importance and functional impact of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. There is, however, a dearth of research in this area. In order to further progress in the field of neuropsychological diagnosis it is essential to validat...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2.5.731

    authors: Amato MP,Zipoli V

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • Radiation-induced gliomas.

    abstract::Radiation-induced gliomas represent a relatively rare but an extensively published entity in the neuro-oncologic literature. Extensive retrospective cohort data in pediatric populations after therapeutic intracranial radiation show an increased risk in glioma incidence that is both patient age- and radiation dose/volu...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/pmic.200800802

    authors: Prasad G,Haas-Kogan DA

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Magnetic resonance markers for early diagnosis and progression of Alzheimer's disease.

    abstract::With increasing life expectancy, the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease has become critical in sustaining a healthy society. Noninvasive markers of disease progression starting from the earliest stages of pathologic involvement are required for determining the effectiveness of putative disease-modify...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.5.5.663

    authors: Kantarci K

    更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00

  • Epilepsy treatment by sacrificing vitamin D.

    abstract::Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders in childhood that often requires long term treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Both antiepileptic treatment and the comorbidities associated with epilepsy have a negative impact on bone health in growing children. Given the fact that vitamin D deficiency is a maj...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.905742

    authors: Cebeci AN,Ekici B

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Association of sedative-hypnotic medications with suicidality.

    abstract::Evaluation of: Brower KJ, McCammon RJ, Wojnar M, Ilgen MA, Wojnar J, Valenstein M. Prescription sleeping pills, insomnia, and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J. Clin. Psychiatry DOI: 10.4088/JCP.09m05484gry (2010) (Epub ahead of print). Several studies have investigated the association betw...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/ern.11.9

    authors: Pae CU,Koh JS,Lee SJ,Han C,Patkar AA,Masand PS

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • Update on the treatment of vitamin B6 dependent epilepsies.

    abstract::Introduction: Vitamin B6 dependent epilepsies are a group of treatable diseases (ALDH7A1 deficiency, PNPO deficiency, PLP binding protein deficiency, hyperprolinaemia type II and hypophosphatasia and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis defects) responding to pyridoxine or pyridoxal-5I-phosphate. Areas covere...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1648212

    authors: Mastrangelo M,Cesario S

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Highlights in muscle relaxants.

    abstract::The aim of this article is to provide an overview on neuromuscular blocking agents and a rational selection of the most appropriate agents, along with pharmacological and pharmacoeconomic considerations on neuromuscular blockers and their antagonists. Neuromuscular blocking agents are used during anesthesia to facilit...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.6.12.1833

    authors: Leykin Y,Pellis T,Vincenti E

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Rufinamide: a new antiepileptic drug treatment for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

    abstract::Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a relatively rare epilepsy syndrome that usually begins in early-mid childhood and is characterized by multiple seizure types, particularly generalized seizures, which are often resistant to antiepileptic drug medication. Rufinamide is a new antiepileptic drug approved as adjunctive therapy ...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/ern.10.51

    authors: Ferrie CD

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Internet-supported versus face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for depression.

    abstract::Major depression and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and there is a need for different forms of psychological treatments that can be delivered from a distance at a low cost. In the present review the authors contrast face-to-face and Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for depression. A total...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1125783

    authors: Andersson G,Topooco N,Havik O,Nordgreen T

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Paroxysmal movement disorders - practical update on diagnosis and management.

    abstract::Introduction: Paroxysmal dyskinesias and episodic ataxias are often caused by mutations in genes related to cell membrane and synaptic function. Despite the exponential increase in publications of genetically confirmed cases, management remains largely clinical based on non-systematic evidence. Areas covered: The auth...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1648211

    authors: De Gusmao CM,Silveira-Moriyama L

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical application of C-reactive protein in stroke prevention: bright and dark sides of the moon.

    abstract::In different study populations, several studies have shown that modest C-reactive protein elevation, in the range of apparently healthy individuals, is a strong predictor of future vascular events. Willcox and colleagues summarize the epidemiological and clinical observations that have led to the enthusiastic suggesti...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.4.4.613

    authors: Di Napoli M,Papa F

    更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00

  • Developing drug strategies for the neuroprotective treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

    abstract::Developing new treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke in the last twenty years has offered some important successes, but also several failures. Most trials of neuroprotective therapies have been uniformly negative to date. Recent research has reported how excitatory amino acids act as the major excitatory neur...

    journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1101345

    authors: Tuttolomondo A,Pecoraro R,Arnao V,Maugeri R,Iacopino DG,Pinto A

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00