Abstract:
:This study was set up to test an ecological intervention using a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled design (RCT) aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) within the community in a deprived inner-city area in the UK. The research will provide a detailed mapping (using Graphical Information Systems GIS) of the environment at lower super output area (SOA) level in Stoke-on-Trent (SoT) and will evaluate the relationship between the environment, PA behaviour, health and healthcare utilisation. The environmental mapping will aggregate data from a wide range of available databases, augmented by local data gathering and validation, to produce a comprehensive geo-coded map of 10 SOAs (covering a population ~15,000). GIS will be used to derive indices through which to evaluate the relationship between environmental characteristics and levels of physical activity and health, using Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM). Environmental indices used will include: proximity of PA spaces and facilities, street connectivity, land use mix, population density, mass transport provision, traffic, safety, crime, proximity of food outlets and shops, "Walkability Index", weather and indices of multiple deprivation (IMD). The areas for mapping, baseline assessment and intervention will be considered in two parts, a) community-based and b) schools-based. The effectiveness of the community-based intervention will be assessed by an independent panel survey conducted at baseline and at 2 years follow-up, with an expected 10% increase in the proportion of the population more active in the intervention arm. Effectiveness of the schools-based intervention will be designed to detect an increase of ~15 min/day in school children's moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Resource use, cost, willingness to pay and incidental consequences data will be collected alongside the community-based intervention to enable economic modelling from health and social care, societal, other public service and participant perspectives. Findings from the project will inform public policy for increasing population PA and improving neighbourhoods and urban design.
journal_name
Contemp Clin Trialsjournal_title
Contemporary clinical trialsauthors
Davey RC,Cochrane T,Gidlow C,Fairburn J,Smith Gdoi
10.1016/j.cct.2008.03.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
774-82issue
5eissn
1551-7144issn
1559-2030pii
S1551-7144(08)00033-5journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract:UNLABELLED:Despite short-term efficacy, many weight loss studies demonstrate poor long-term results and have difficulty recruiting men. Cost-effective treatments that help men achieve long-term weight loss are required. Using a two-phase, assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial design this study wi...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.11.004
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity, a disorder associated with a myriad of comorbidities, is increasing at an alarming rate around the world. Given that pharmacotherapy has limited available options and that bariatric surgery is reserved for those who are morbidly obese or who have significant comorbidities, the most common approach t...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2005.08.002
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only increase the risk for clinical CVD events, but also are associated with a cascade of neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic changes that increase the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Although epidemiological studies have shown that exercise and die...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.09.004
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Fontan circulation is a palliative procedure performed in patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), making transpulmonary blood flow dependent on the systemic venous pressure. In a Fontan circulation a low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is crucial, as is epitomized by the observation tha...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.04.001
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs reduce overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a history of acute coronary events or revascularization procedures, but only 30% of patients enroll in CR and attrition rates reach up to 60%. Tai chi, a mind-body practice based on light/moderate aerobic exer...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.020
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been recommended to reduce diabetes disparities, but few robust trials of this approach have been conducted. Limitations of prior studies include: unspecified a priori outcomes; lack of blinded outcome assessments; high participant attrition rates; and lack of attention t...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.013
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite controversy about paying research subjects, little is known about actual practices in the U.S., including what type of studies offer payment, to what type of subjects, and how amounts are determined. OBJECTIVE:To document current U.S. practices regarding payment to research subjects. METHODS:The pr...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2005.02.003
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV pandemic is a pressing threat to global public health; HIV vaccine development is critical. Clinical evaluation of HIV vaccine candidates differs from the standard therapeutics trial framework primarily due to the fact that healthy individuals are studied. We present an early stage evaluation program developed...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2005.11.008
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) frequently coexists with other diseases. Whereas COPD action plans are currently part of usual care, they are less suitable and potentially unsafe for use in the presence of comorbidities. This study evaluates whether an innovative treatment approach directed towa...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.06.003
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of late life pain and disability, and non-Hispanic black (NHB) adults experience greater OA-related pain and disability than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Recent evidence implicates psychosocial stress, cognitive-attentional processes, and altered central pain processing as co...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106159
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The comprehension of informed consent is an integral part of clinical trials. Though India is rapidly becoming a hub of clinical trials very few studies have dealt with the issue of comprehension of informed consent by the patients participating in these trials. METHODS:Patients who were invited to particip...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.03.005
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transitional care programs have been widely used to reduce readmissions and improve the quality and safety of the handoff process between hospital and outpatient providers. Very little is known about effective transitional care interventions among patients who are uninsured or with Medicaid. This paper describes the d...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.12.003
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Youth in disadvantaged urban areas are frequently exposed to chronic stress and trauma, including housing instability, neighborhood violence, and other poverty-related adversities. These exposures increase risk for emotional, behavioral, and academic problems and ultimately, school dropout. Schools are a p...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.105895
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a novel diagram to depict patient flow and outcomes in clinical trials. In contrast to flow diagrams such as the CONSORT chart, our diagram enables individual patient histories to be traced and depicts important patterns of treatment administration and outcomes, such as response and adverse events. Also, ...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.01.010
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Management of asthma involves adherence to medication regimens. Assessing adherence is difficult for health care providers and researchers. Self-reported medication use is subjective, so objective methods of data collection for medication use are frequently used in asthma research. The aim of this project is...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.05.002
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole exome and whole genome sequencing are applications of next generation sequencing transforming clinical care, but there is little evidence whether these tests improve patient outcomes or if they are cost effective compared to current standard of care. These gaps in knowledge can be addressed by comparative effect...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.016
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Many low-income parent/caregivers do not understand the importance of cavity-free primary (baby) teeth and the chronic nature of dental caries (tooth decay). As a consequence, dental preventive and treatment utilization is low even when children are screened in schools and referred for care. This study aim...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.006
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is a method that combines cognitive behavioral relapse prevention with mindfulness practice. Research suggests that MBRP can effectively reduce withdrawal/craving in people with substance use disorder (SUD). An important part of MBRP is to practice mindfulness medi...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.04.006
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modified Zelen's approach is a randomization technique useful in multi-center trials where balance in treatment assignments within a center is desired. It has great balancing properties in a study with equal allocation to several treatment arms. This technique can also be used in studies with unequal allocation, where...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.08.006
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::First-time blood donors are essential to the US donor pool, providing nearly a third of all donations. Unfortunately, there are a wide variety of obstacles to repeat donation and new donors are extremely difficult to retain. Because each donor experiences a unique set of deterrents, we developed a post-donation interv...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.020
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trial research is the cornerstone for successful advancement of medicine that provides hope for millions of people in the future. Full transparency in clinical trials may allow independent investigators to evaluate study designs, perform additional analysis of data, and potentially eliminate duplicate studies...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.01.001
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research demonstrates a link between migraine and obesity. Obesity increases the risk of frequent migraines and is associated with migraine prevalence among reproductive-aged women. These findings are substantiated by several plausible mechanisms and emerging evidence of migraine improvements after surgical ...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.004
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to recruit qualified subjects who are willing to adhere to the study protocol in clinical trials is an essential component of translational research. Such tasks can be particularly challenging for chemoprevention studies when the targeted study population is healthy, at risk individuals who do not have sig...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.05.004
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite significant advancements in psychopharmacology, treating major depressive disorder (MDD) is still a challenge considering the efficacy, tolerability, safety, and economical costs of most antidepressant drugs. One approach that has been increasingly investigated is modulation of cortical activity with...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2010.09.007
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite efforts by the U.S. Department of Defense to train behavioral health (BH) providers in evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), numerous barriers limit EBP implementation. A context-tailored implementation approach called TACTICS (Targeted Assessment and Context...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106008
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its introduction in 1974 the use of the term Minimization has been broadened to include other algorithms. All algorithms use patient characteristics to determine the assignment that produces the best overall balance between treatment groups. They differ in whether or not they use all of the data from each previo...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.12.005
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many studies on the health effects of the glycemic index (GI) are confounded by differences in the intakes of other macronutrients and fibre. Little data exist about the within- and between-subject variability of the GI. OBJECTIVE:Our objectives were therefore (i) to calculate the GI of eight commonly used ...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2009.08.001
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is not a diagnosis but a transient state used to classify a woman when she has a positive pregnancy test without definitive evidence of an intra-uterine or extra-uterine pregnancy on transvaginal ultrasonography. Management of a persisting PUL varies substantially, includin...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.09.009
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly prevalent condition in aging men, which can be progressive and lead to acute urinary retention (AUR) and the need for surgery. It is commonly treated with alpha-blockers and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), both of which improve the symptoms of BPH. Long-term treatmen...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.008
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common problem affecting up to 10-25% of individuals. FD accounts for significant health care costs and affects quality of life but has no definitive treatment. OBJECTIVES:The Functional Dyspepsia Treatment Trial (FDTT) aims to test whether treatment with an antidepressant (am...
journal_title:Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.02.002
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00