Abstract:
:Aminoacyl-tRNAs are generally formed by direct attachment of an amino acid to tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, but Gln-tRNA is an exception to this rule. Gln-tRNA(Gln) is formed by this direct pathway in the eukaryotic cytosol and in protists or fungi mitochondria but is formed by an indirect transamidation pathway in most of bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. We show here that the formation of Gln-tRNA(Gln) is also achieved by the indirect pathway in plant mitochondria. The mitochondrial-encoded tRNA(Gln), which is the only tRNA(Gln) present in mitochondria, is first charged with glutamate by a nondiscriminating GluRS, then is converted into Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT). The three subunits GatA, GatB, and GatC are imported into mitochondria and assemble into a functional GatCAB AdT. Moreover, the mitochondrial pathway of Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation is shared with chloroplasts as both the GluRS, and the three AdT subunits are dual-imported into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Pujol C,Bailly M,Kern D,Maréchal-Drouard L,Becker H,Duchêne AMdoi
10.1073/pnas.0712299105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-29 00:00:00pages
6481-5issue
17eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0712299105journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We present a unique proxy for the reconstruction of variation in precipitation over the Amazon: oxygen isotope ratios in annual rings in tropical cedar (Cedrela odorata). A century-long record from northern Bolivia shows that tree rings preserve the signal of oxygen isotopes in precipitation during the wet season, wit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205977109
更新日期:2012-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::We used a family-based cluster detection approach designed to localize significant rare disease-risk variants clusters within a region of interest to systematically search for schizophrenia (SCZ) susceptibility genes within 49 genomic loci previously implicated by de novo copy number variants. Using two independent wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1309475110
更新日期:2014-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Reports of structural differences between the brains of men and women, heterosexual and homosexual men, and male-to-female transsexuals and other men have been offered as evidence that the behavioral differences between these groups are likely caused by differences in the early development of the brain. However, a pos...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7538
更新日期:1999-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown recently that the temporal order of antioxidant consumption in human blood plasma exposed to a constant flux of aqueous peroxyl radicals is ascorbate = protein thiols greater than bilirubin greater than urate greater than alpha-tocopherol and that detectable lipid peroxidation starts only after ascorbate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6377
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structures of human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and rat liver alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were compared by utilizing isoelectric focusing, NaDodSO4/PAGE, and monoclonal antibody crossreactivity. Digitonin-solubilized alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors have an identical isoelectric point of 4.6. U...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4842
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally believed that the old quantum theory, as presented by Niels Bohr in 1913, fails when applied to few electron systems, such as the H(2) molecule. Here, we find previously undescribed solutions within the Bohr theory that describe the potential energy curve for the lowest singlet and triplet states of H(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505778102
更新日期:2005-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Among the pathogenic processes contributing to dopaminergic neuron (DN) death in Parkinson disease (PD), evidence points to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, particularly chronic inflammation mounted by activated microglia. Yet little is known about endogenous regulatory processes that determine microglial actions in pa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1017820108
更新日期:2011-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::The peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to numerous products, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). That 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal compounds react with sulfhydryl groups of proteins to form thioether adducts possessing a carbonyl function has been established [Schauenstein, E. & Esterbauer, H. (1979) Ciba Found. S...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5611
更新日期:1992-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 1 is required for maintenance of bulk DNA methylation and is essential for mouse development. However, somatic disruption of DNMT1 in the human cancer cell line HCT116 was not lethal and caused only minor decreases in methylation. Here, we report the identi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604602103
更新日期:2006-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::We completed the cDNA cloning and sequencing of gp330, the major kidney glomerular antigen for rat Heymann nephritis. The deduced 4660-aa sequence, expected to constitute a mature protein of M(r) 516,715, consists of a probable N-terminal signal peptide sequence (25 aa), an extracellular region (4400 aa), a single tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9725
更新日期:1994-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical models have been developed to explore the population dynamics of viral diseases among wildlife. However, assessing the predictions stemming from these models with wildlife databases adequate in size and temporal duration is uncommon. An epizootic of raccoon rabies that began in the mid-Atlantic region of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.240326697
更新日期:2000-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptors LXRalpha and LXRbeta have been implicated in the control of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism in multiple cell types. Activation of these receptors stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophages, promotes bile acid synthesis in liver, and inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption, actions that...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.112059299
更新日期:2002-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Transposition is a multistep process in which a transposable element DNA sequence moves from its original genetic location to a new site. Early steps in this process include the formation of a transposition complex in which the end sequences of the transposable element are brought together in a structurally precise fa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10834
更新日期:1994-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The impossibility theorems that abound in the theory of social choice show that there can be no satisfactory method for electing and ranking in the context of the traditional, 700-year-old model. A more realistic model, whose antecedents may be traced to Laplace and Galton, leads to a new theory that avoids all imposs...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702634104
更新日期:2007-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic pigs were generated that produced human protein C in their milk at up to 1 g/liter. The gene construct was a fusion gene consisting of the cDNA for human protein C inserted into the first exon of the mouse whey acidic protein gene. These results demonstrate that the mouse whey acidic protein gene contains r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.12003
更新日期:1992-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Interbacterial interaction pathways play an important role in defining the structure and complexity of bacterial associations. A quantitative description of such pathways offers promise for understanding the forces that contribute to community composition. We developed time-lapse fluorescence microscopy methods for qu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1213963109
更新日期:2012-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus are the type species of the highly pathogenic paramyxovirus genus Henipavirus, which can cause severe respiratory disease and fatal encephalitis infections in humans, with case fatality rates approaching 75%. NiV contains two envelope glycoproteins, the receptor-binding G glycoprotei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804797105
更新日期:2008-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Rickettsiae are responsible for some of the most devastating human infections. A high infectivity and severe illness after inhalation make some rickettsiae bioterrorism threats. We report that deletion of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) gene, Epac1, in mice protects them from an ordinarily letha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1314400110
更新日期:2013-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a "continual engagement" model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of promoting more effective action to balance poverty alleviation and wildlife conservation in 4 pastoral ecosystems of East Africa. The model involved the creation of a core boundar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900313106
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cells transformed by Friend virus in liquid suspension culture respond to low concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide by initiating hemoglobin synthesis. The kinetics of appearance of such differentiated erythroid cells is consistent with either the induction of differentiation in a uniformly susceptible population of tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.7.2668
更新日期:1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calls for the eradication of malaria require the development of global and regional strategies based on a strong and consistent evidence base. Evidence from the previous global malaria eradication program and more recent transborder control campaigns have shown the importance of accounting for human movement in introd...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1002971107
更新日期:2010-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are at the base of current nanoelectronics because of their exceptional mobilities. Often the accumulation layer forms at polar interfaces with longitudinal optical (LO) modes. In most cases, the many-body screening of the quasi-2DEGs dramatically reduces the Fröhlich scattering ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2008282117
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Two prominent timekeeping systems, the cell cycle, which controls cell division, and the circadian system, which controls 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, are found in nearly all living organisms. A distinct feature of circadian rhythms is that they are temperature-compensated such that the period of the rhyth...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914078107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of global host-pathogen transcriptome changes that occur during bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. To test the hypothesis that group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection of the oropharynx provokes a distinct host transcriptome response, we performed genome-wide trans...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906384107
更新日期:2010-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the effects of a stromal cell-derived cytokine designated interleukin 11 (IL-11) on the proliferation of murine hemopoietic progenitors in methylcellulose culture. COS cell-conditioned medium containing IL-11 supported formation of granulocyte/macrophage colonies and a small number of multilineage col...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.3.765
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We explore the question of what are the best ligands for macromolecular targets. A survey of experimental data on a large number of the strongest-binding ligands indicates that the free energy of binding increases with the number of nonhydrogen atoms with an initial slope of approximately -1.5 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.9997
更新日期:1999-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a general strategy for gene mapping based upon the direct amplification of a target sequence within a single microdissected Giemsa-banded chromosomal segment using the polymerase chain reaction. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by mapping a cloned human brain sodium channel (alpha subun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.2.335
更新日期:1991-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Strength and other mechanical properties of cement and concrete rely upon the formation of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) during cement hydration. Controlling structure and properties of the C-S-H phase is a challenge, due to the complexity of this hydration product and of the mechanisms that drive its precipitatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1520487113
更新日期:2016-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Bone mineralization is an essential step during the embryonic development of vertebrates, and bone serves vital functions in human physiology. To systematically identify unique gene functions essential for osteogenesis, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated a mutant, no bone (nob), that does ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214231110
更新日期:2012-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::The midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge triggers several tightly linked ovarian processes, including steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. We designed studies to determine whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling might serve as a common regulator of these activities. Our resu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508521102
更新日期:2005-11-08 00:00:00