A brain sexual dimorphism controlled by adult circulating androgens.

abstract：:Many experiments have been done to determine how far and how freely holes can move along the stack of base pairs in DNA. The results of these experiments are usually described in terms of a parameter beta under the assumption that it describes an exponential decay with distance. The reported values range from beta < 0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conwell EM,Rakhmanova SV

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Each G protein-coupled receptor recognizes only a distinct subset of the many structurally closely related G proteins expressed within a cell. How this selectively is achieved at a molecular level is not well understood, particularly since no specific point-to-point contact sites between a receptor and its cognate G p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu J,Conklin BR,Blin N,Yun J,Wess J

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc genes are subject to highly variable degrees of tissue-specific regulation. Their aberrant expression has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignant tumors. The recently identified max protein dimerizes with c-myc to promote its sequence-specific DNA binding. max exists ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prochownik EV,VanAntwerp ME

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that vary in virulence and transmissibility. While genome-wide association studies have uncovered several mutations conferring drug resistance, much less is known about the factors underlying other bacterial phenotypes. Variation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Øyås O,Borrell S,Trauner A,Zimmermann M,Feldmann J,Liphardt T,Gagneux S,Stelling J,Sauer U,Zampieri M

更新日期：2020-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria transmission has been substantially reduced across Africa through the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, the emergence of insecticide resistance within mosquito vectors risks jeopardizing the future efficacy of this control strategy. The severity of this threat is uncertain becaus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Viana M,Hughes A,Matthiopoulos J,Ranson H,Ferguson HM

更新日期：2016-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass cytometry enables an unprecedented number of parameters to be measured in individual cells at a high throughput, but the large dimensionality of the resulting data severely limits approaches relying on manual "gating." Clustering cells based on phenotypic similarity comes at a loss of single-cell resolution and o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shekhar K,Brodin P,Davis MM,Chakraborty AK

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver fibrosis interferes with normal liver function and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, representing a major threat to human health. Here, we present a comprehensive perspective of microRNA (miRNA) function on targeting the fibrotic microenvironment. Starting from a murine HCC model, we identi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Winkler I,Bitter C,Winkler S,Weichenhan D,Thavamani A,Hengstler JG,Borkham-Kamphorst E,Kohlbacher O,Plass C,Geffers R,Weiskirchen R,Nordheim A

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide sequences of eight origin-defective mutants of simian virus 40 have been determined. All of the mutants have suffered deletions, which range in size from 4 to 241 nucleotides. Some of the mutants induce the synthesis of tumor (T) antigen, others do not. Viral mRNA extracted from rat cells transformed by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gluzman Y,Sambrook JF,Frisque RJ

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human infections with Ebola virus (EBOV) result in a deadly viral disease known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Up to 90% of infected patients die, and there is no available treatment or vaccine. The sporadic human outbreaks are believed to result when EBOV "jumps" from an infected animal to a person and is subsequently t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strong JE,Wong G,Jones SE,Grolla A,Theriault S,Kobinger GP,Feldmann H

更新日期：2008-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of plant defensive genes in leaves of tomato plants in response to herbivore damage or mechanical wounding is mediated by a mobile 18-amino acid polypeptide signal called systemin. Systemin is derived from a larger, 200-amino acid precursor called prosystemin, similar to polypeptide hormones and soluble...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bergey DR,Howe GA,Ryan CA

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We have detected a proteolytic mechanism in chloroplasts that selectively and rapidly degrades the imported small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase when pools of the chloroplast-synthesized large subunit are depleted. This degradation system is constitutively present and appears to be responsible for pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmidt GW,Mishkind ML

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovering the visual features and representations used by the brain to recognize objects is a central problem in the study of vision. Recently, neural network models of visual object recognition, including biological and deep network models, have shown remarkable progress and have begun to rival human performance in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ullman S,Assif L,Fetaya E,Harari D

更新日期：2016-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated cold-sensitive mutations in two genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BIN2 and BIN3, that cause aberrant chromosome segregation in vivo. BIN2 and BIN3 encode essential proteins that are similar to each other and to TCP-1. TCP-1 and TCP-1-like proteins are components of the eukaryotic cytoplasmi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Sullivan DS,Huffaker TC

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with accelerated CD4(+) T cell depletion, which might partially be explained by higher virulence of SI variants compared with NSI variants. Because NSI and SI variants use different coreceptors for entry of target cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blaak H,van't Wout AB,Brouwer M,Hooibrink B,Hovenkamp E,Schuitemaker H

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tropical forests hold most of Earth's biodiversity. Their continued loss through deforestation and agriculture is the main threat to species globally, more than disease, invasive species, and climate change. However, not all tropical forests have the same ability to sustain biodiversity. Those that have been disturbed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedges SB,Cohen WB,Timyan J,Yang Z

更新日期：2018-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate the problem of learning to play the game of rock-paper-scissors. Each player attempts to improve her/his average score by adjusting the frequency of the three possible responses, using reinforcement learning. For the zero sum game the learning process displays Hamiltonian chaos. Thus, the learning traje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sato Y,Akiyama E,Farmer JD

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Preincubation of quiescent BALB/C3T3 cells with uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) in conditioned medium resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent stimulation of uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, uridine, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid over that seen in conditioned medium alone. The apparent Km values ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Natraj CV,Datta P

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interpretation of empirical results based on a taxa's lifetime distribution shows apparently conflicting results. Species' lifetime is reported to be exponentially distributed, whereas higher-order taxa, such as families or genera, follow a broader distribution, compatible with power-law decay. We show that both forms...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pigolotti S,Flammini A,Marsili M,Maritan A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsZ, the ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, is a GTPase that assembles into a cytokinetic ring structure essential for cell division in prokaryotic cells. Similar to tubulin, purified FtsZ polymerizes into dynamic protofilaments in the presence of GTP; polymer assembly is accompanied by GTP hydrolysis. We used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margalit DN,Romberg L,Mets RB,Hebert AM,Mitchison TJ,Kirschner MW,RayChaudhuri D

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles are increasingly used in various fields, including biomedicine and electronics. One application utilizes the opacifying effect of nano-TiO(2), which is frequently used as pigment in cosmetics. Although TiO(2) is believed to be biologically inert, an emerging literature reports increased incidence of resp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yazdi AS,Guarda G,Riteau N,Drexler SK,Tardivel A,Couillin I,Tschopp J

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major glycolipid that is present in the outer membranes (OMs) of most Gram-negative bacteria. LPS molecules are assembled with divalent metal cations in the outer leaflet of the OM to form an impervious layer that prevents toxic compounds from entering the cell. For most Gram-negative b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chng SS,Ruiz N,Chimalakonda G,Silhavy TJ,Kahne D

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In myocardial ischemia, adrenergic nerves release excessive amounts of norepinephrine (NE), causing dysfunction and arrhythmias. With anoxia and the concomitant ATP depletion, vesicular storage of NE is impaired, resulting in accumulation of free NE in the axoplasm of sympathetic nerves. Intraneuronal acidosis activat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silver RB,Mackins CJ,Smith NC,Koritchneva IL,Lefkowitz K,Lovenberg TW,Levi R

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular targeting of the two receptor interaction domains of the epigenetic repressor silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT(mRID)) produced a transplantable skeletal syndrome that reduced radial bone growth, increased numbers of bone-resorbing periosteal osteoclasts, and increased bone f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hong SH,Dvorak-Ewell M,Stevens HY,Barish GD,Castro GL,Nofsinger R,Frangos JA,Shoback D,Evans RM

更新日期：2013-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a pivotal role in regulation of progression of cancer through effects on tumor microenvironment as well as on cancer cells. TGF-beta inhibitors have recently been shown to prevent the growth and metastasis of certain cancers. However, there may be adverse effects caused by T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kano MR,Bae Y,Iwata C,Morishita Y,Yashiro M,Oka M,Fujii T,Komuro A,Kiyono K,Kaminishi M,Hirakawa K,Ouchi Y,Nishiyama N,Kataoka K,Miyazono K

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Using T- and B-cell deficient C.B-17 mice with the scid mutation, we have previously documented the existence of a T-cell-independent but interferon gamma-dependent pathway of macrophage activation that confers upon the host partial resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rogers HW,Sheehan KC,Brunt LM,Dower SK,Unanue ER,Schreiber RD

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines are of major importance in information processing and memory formation in central neurons. Estradiol has been shown to induce an increase of dendritic spine density on hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recently has been implicated in ne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murphy DD,Cole NB,Segal M

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A modified differential screening procedure was applied to analyze cDNA libraries of cloned helper T lymphocytes (Th) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Negative and positive differential screening and RNA blot analysis were used to identify cDNA clones that were expressed preferentially in Th or CTL. Seven clones cor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon BS,Kim GS,Prystowsky MB,Lancki DW,Sabath DE,Pan JL,Weissman SM

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli DnaK acts as a molecular chaperone through its ATP-regulated binding and release of polypeptide substrates. Overexpressing a C-terminal fragment (CTF) of DnaK (Gly-384 to Lys-638) containing the polypeptide substrate binding domain is lethal in wild-type E. coli. This dominant-negative phenotype may r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burkholder WF,Zhao X,Zhu X,Hendrickson WA,Gragerov A,Gottesman ME

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combining genotypes across datasets is central in facilitating advances in genetics. Data aggregation efforts often face the challenge of record matching-the identification of dataset entries that represent the same individual. We show that records can be matched across genotype datasets that have no shared markers ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Edge MD,Algee-Hewitt BFB,Pemberton TJ,Li JZ,Rosenberg NA

更新日期：2017-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that in neutrophils deprived of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, apoptosis is preceded by acidification and that the protection against apoptosis conferred on neutrophils by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is dependent upon delay of this acidification. To test the hypothesis that a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gottlieb RA,Nordberg J,Skowronski E,Babior BM

更新日期：1996-01-23 00:00:00