Abstract:
:This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken to determine the natural radioactivity present in some building materials in Nigeria using a gamma-ray spectrometer with a hyper pure germanium detector. A total of 118 samples of commonly used building materials were collected from manufacturers and suppliers of these materials. The mean radioactivity concentrations measured in the different building materials varied from 9.4 to 62.9, 1.3 to 88.4, and 21.5 to 762.4 Bq kg(-1), respectively, for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The average contents of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for all the samples were 36.3, 46.5, and 320.9 Bq kg(-1), respectively, lower than the world average for building materials (50, 50, and 500 Bq kg(-1)). The calculated mean radium equivalent activity and external and internal hazard indices for the entire sample were lower than United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation recommended limits and comparable with results of similar studies undertaken in other countries. The mean annual gonadal equivalent doses of some of the samples were higher than the world average value for soil.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Ademola JAdoi
10.1097/01.HP.0000279601.26386.afsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
43-8issue
1eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-200801000-00004journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::A large-scale radiological incident would result in an immediate critical need to assess the radiation doses received by thousands of individuals to allow for prompt triage and appropriate medical treatment. Measuring absorbed doses of ionizing radiation will require a system architecture or a system of platforms that...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000348001.60905.c0
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operational radiation protection issues associated with the Z-Machine accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories are large: a variety of materials can be placed into the machine; these materials can be subjected to a variety of nuclear reactions, producing a variety of activation products. Without full un...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000253937.78314.e6
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on occupational radiation exposure from nuclear medicine procedures for the time period of the 1950s through the 1970s is important for retrospective health risk studies of medical personnel who conducted those activities. However, limited information is available on occupational exposure received by physicians a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000107
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before issuing a new or revised authorization to discharge liquid radioactive waste to a river, past and current practice has been to assess the impact of each discharge on a site-by-site basis. This paper reports an assessment of the combined impact of all the (year 1999) authorized discharges in the upper River Tham...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200407000-00004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A uranium in vitro bioassay (urinalysis) action level was derived for use at the Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project sites to identify chronic inhalation intakes of uranium mill tailings causing 0.5 mSv (50 mrem) annual effective dose equivalent. All radionuclides in the 238U decay cha...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199210000-00003
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison of the risk coefficients for 239Pu- or 226Ra-induced bone cancer in two canine breeds, one with a relatively low (beagle) and the other with a very high (St. Bernard) natural incidence, indicated only slightly higher risk in the giant breed. The differences in risk for skeletal malignancy in 239Pu and 226...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199710000-00014
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to evaluate the application and accuracy of polymer gels for determining electron dose distributions in the presence of small heterogeneities made of bone and air. Different cylindrical phantoms containing MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper) normoxic polymer ge...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000724
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For much of the 20th century, U.S. radiation protection policies were similar to those elsewhere in the world, in large part because the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) were closely aligned. In the 1970s, several U.S. r...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000236
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved health effects models have been developed for assessing the early effects, late somatic effects and genetic effects that might result from low-LET radiation exposures to populations following a major accident in a nuclear power plant. All the models have been developed in such a way that the dynamics of popul...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198904000-00001
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California is currently in operation with the goal to demonstrate fusion energy gain for the first time in the laboratory-also referred to as "ignition." Based on these demonstration experiments, the Laser Inertial Fusion Ener...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31828d2fab
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past computer solutions for confidence intervals in paired counting are extended to the case where the ratio of the sample count time to the blank count time is taken to be an integer, IRR. Previously, confidence intervals have been named Neyman-Pearson confidence intervals; more correctly they should have been named ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31820448c4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate extrapolation of animal toxicity data for human health risk assessment requires determination of the effective dose to the target tissue and the sensitivity of the target tissue to that dose. The methodology for deriving reference doses [the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) benchmark values for ga...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00022
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was done to provide data useful for predicting the deposition, retention and radiation dose patterns for humans who might be exposed to an aerosol containing 106RuO4 and respirable particles. Ruthenium-106 tetroxide was introduced into air containing inert particles. The inert particles were monodisperse. 0...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198304000-00003
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sorption of tin ions on human teeth from water and other drinks has been studied by the radioactive tracer technique using the isotope 113Sn (T(1/2) = 115.1 d) as a tracer. The tooth holds a minimum amount of tin from coffee and a maximum amount is held from water and from tea with sugar. The same technique was al...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200201000-00014
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1992, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSCH) Radiation Safety Program began assembling data on a monthly basis that described various program drivers and associated activities. At the end of calendar year 2002, a decade of data had been collected, so the information was summarized into a ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000130
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conversion factors for the dose rate 1 m above the ground level from the measured activities for different gamma-ray emitters in soil are calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The calculations are based on the GEANT system developed at CERN, Geneva. Results for the uniform and surface distribution of the emitters i...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199808000-00007
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a theoretical study of the complex relation between radon and its long-lived progeny implanted in glass surfaces. The well known (extended) Jacobi room model, which is normally used to describe radon and its progeny in a room, was transformed into a two-parameter model revealing a linear correlation between...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200010000-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are well- established and indispensable imaging modalities in modern medicine. State-of-the-art computed tomography (CT) scanners have now been integrated into multi-modality PET-CT and SPECT-CT devices, and these devices, partic...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000327651.15794.f7
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to support retrospective dose estimation for epidemiological studies by providing estimates of historical absorbed organ doses to the brain, lens of the eye, salivary glands, and thyroid from intraoral dental radiographic examinations performed from 1940 to 2009. We simulated organ doses t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001138
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Monitoring Laboratory has created a voxel phantom from computer tomography scans of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) torso phantom for use in Monte Carlo simulations. The voxel phantom has been compared to the previously developed mathematical phantom using Monte Carlo simulations and both v...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000269515.90175.86
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount of 131I necessary for successful ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is still subject to debate. This study investigates the relationship of the absorbed dose of radiation to the blood while administering 131I activity with several other parameters in DTC patients. This prospective...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000169
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Radiation Exposure Review Project to provide a critical reexamination of radiation doses to people resulting from testing nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site. One part of this effort focused on the dose resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food. The PATHWAY radio...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199610000-00007
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electret passive environmental 222Rn monitor (E-PERM) is an extension of electret dosimeters used for measurement of x and gamma radiation. An E-PERM consists of a small cup or canister, having an electret at the bottom, and a filtered inlet at the top. The 222Rn gas entering through the filter and the decay produ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198801000-00002
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Internationally, the upper limit of acceptable individualized risk from occupational exposure for nuclear industry workers is determined by the death probability 10(-3) y(-1). The same risk value of 10(-3) y(-1) is established by the radiation safety standards currently in force in Russia. The United Nations Scientifi...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000346702.02932.7d
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This presentation provides an overview of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's experiences and ongoing studies related to technologically enhanced, naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in the oil and gas industry. It has been known for many years that Pennsylvania's geology is unique, with several areas hav...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000251
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon-222 diffusion length has been measured for 28 Danish soils and sediments. Samples were placed in a diffusion column connected to a 222Rn reservoir and the transport of 222Rn through the column was measured. The diffusion length was found by comparing the measured data to time-dependent diffusion theory. Dry silt...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198711000-00002
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design and performance of a positionally sensitive system for the laser read-out of dosimetric information contained in LiF chips and a specially designed composite detector having a thin LiF layer is reported. A 2 cm X 3 cm X 0.254 mm LiF layer was successfully manufactured with a glass backing; however, this was...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199010000-00004
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the release of radioactive materials from a large radiological dispersal device (e.g., dirty bomb), improvised nuclear detonation, or nuclear power plant accident, up to hundreds of square miles may be contaminated. A portion of this area will be evacuated; however, people living in the portion that is not evacu...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000101
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary evaluates two sets of guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) energy, focusing on the frequency range above the "transition" frequency at 3-10 GHz where the guidelines change their basic restrictions from specific absorption rate to incident power density, through the end of the RF band at...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000671
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unventilated 70 m underground space, with 2.1 m high ceilings and an inner set of concrete walls to damp vibrations, was discovered to have relatively stable radon levels of ~1,080 Bq m over a 1-y period. The addition of radium sources was not required to achieve high and somewhat variable radon levels, as these ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001047
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00