Abstract:
:After the release of radioactive materials from a large radiological dispersal device (e.g., dirty bomb), improvised nuclear detonation, or nuclear power plant accident, up to hundreds of square miles may be contaminated. A portion of this area will be evacuated; however, people living in the portion that is not evacuated yet is still contaminated with low-levels of radioactive contamination will be asking for ways they can reduce their exposure. Whether cleaning activities can significantly reduce exposure is not fully understood. In this effort, the ability of cleaning activities to remove cesium (137Cs) was studied. The removal efficacy of cleaning with a commercial product, Simple Green®, was compared to cleaning with water for hard surfaces typically seen in residences. The removal efficacy of laundering fabric material surfaces was also determined for a range of conditions (e.g., fabric material type, wash temperature). During these studies, assessments of the implications of these activities (e.g., cross-contamination, resulting waste streams) were also completed. Simple Green and water were effective for removing 137Cs from plastic laminate and vinyl flooring (93.4-96.8%) but were not effective for removing 137Cs from painted wallboard and wood (7.3-68.1%). It was also determined that there was no significant difference between the two cleaners on all of the surfaces, except plastic laminate, for which Simple Green was slightly more effective. Laundering was effective for removing 137Cs contamination from polyester and cotton swatches and cotton comforters (up to 96.8% in the single swatch testing).
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Snyder E,Drake J,Cardarelli J,Hall K,Szabo J,Demmer R,Lindberg M,Riggs K,James Rdoi
10.1097/HP.0000000000000101subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
231-41issue
3eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-201409000-00005journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band, electron paramagnetic resonance, physically based dosimetry method to directly measure the rad...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000874
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::RESRAD-RECYCLE is a computer code designed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to be used in making decisions about the disposition of radioactively contaminated materials and scrap metals. It implements a pathway analysis methodology to evaluate potential radiation exposures resulting from the recycling of contamina...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000133367.21270.3e
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of the dose rate distributions from radioactive sources, together with the specific detector locations with respect to those sources, in many cases presents a significant analytical challenge. With the exception of a few, simple source-detector geometries, it is not possible to find an analytical expres...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182295943
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Normalised Specific Activity (NSA), a quantity which relates the concentration of a contaminant per unit mass of vegetation to its daily rate of ground deposition, has been used as the basis for determining interception factors and retention half-lives for radioactive contaminants deposited on grain and leafy vege...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198211000-00006
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the 222Rn concentrations in 106 homes in the four main towns of the Central Asturias region was carried out over three years. A total of 1,014 measurements was obtained using passive radon charcoal canisters. The 222Rn concentrations fit a log-normal distribution law, with a geometric mean of 23 Bq m(-3). ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199605000-00010
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 25 years, nuclear and radiological emergencies have occurred that cover much of the range of causes and types that had been anticipated by experts. Experience from response to these emergencies has clearly demonstrated the importance of an efficient response system that includes, among other components, em...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000281176.42257.b8
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "radon emanation" method of analysis for Rn and Ra in natural waters has been used by scientists for more than 30 years. We have examined the use of a new plastic bottle design as a viable option and improvement to traditional glass designs. The advantages of the new design over that used previously in our laborat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of the effective diffusion coefficient, De, of 222Rn in concrete are important for accurate determination of transport mechanisms and computer modeling of radon entry into structures. A method for in-situ determination of De as well as the emanation fraction, F, is described. It is based on continuous mea...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199506000-00008
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Panasonic UD-801 thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLDs ) containing two calcium sulfate phosphors were tested under Performance Specification 3.1 established by the American National Standard Institute ( ANSI75 ) and in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.13 ( NRC77 ). The specific qualifying tes...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198405000-00002
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An empirical expression of cavity theory for electron fields is developed in a fashion similar to Burlin's general theory of cavity ionization for photons. It incorporates a term that relates the absorbed dose ratio in the cavity and material medium to the differences in electron scattering. This new expression correl...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198511000-00024
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of 219 subjects of Slovak adults from both sexes were studied for potassium body content by measuring the whole body activity of naturally occurring 40K using a whole body counter. The average body potassium value is 1.68 +/- 0.33 g kg(-1) body weight for males and 1.60 +/- 0.30 g kg(-1) for females. For both ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199803000-00007
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unventilated 70 m underground space, with 2.1 m high ceilings and an inner set of concrete walls to damp vibrations, was discovered to have relatively stable radon levels of ~1,080 Bq m over a 1-y period. The addition of radium sources was not required to achieve high and somewhat variable radon levels, as these ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001047
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method to trace back average radon concentrations in dwellings over several decades in time has been developed. This retrospective radon monitor is based on the measurement of the alpha activity of 210Po deposited in volume traps, e.g., spongy materials used for mattresses and cushions. Polyester samples with di...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199602000-00010
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high-pressure ion chamber filled with 2.5825 X 10(5) kg m-2 argon as used to measure the dose rates of several sites of interest in an attempt to evaluate the dose rates contributed by cosmic rays. Observation sites included two water reservoirs deeper than 110 m, Mount Ali which is higher than 2500 m, airliners fly...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198703000-00009
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large-scale radiological incident would result in an immediate critical need to assess the radiation doses received by thousands of individuals to allow for prompt triage and appropriate medical treatment. Measuring absorbed doses of ionizing radiation will require a system architecture or a system of platforms that...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000348001.60905.c0
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six white male workers who did the original plutonium research and development work at Los Alamos have been examined periodically over the past 50 y to identify possible health effects from internal plutonium depositions. Their effective doses range from 0.1 to 7.2 Sv with a median value of 1.25 Sv. As of the e...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199710000-00004
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article an overview of the historical development of light water reactor health physics programs is presented. Operational health physics programs have developed and matured as experience in operating and maintaining light water reactors has been gained. Initial programs grew quickly in both size and complexit...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200506000-00011
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of systematic long-term measurements of 90Sr and 137Cs in surface seawater, performed at four locations along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, are summarized. Observed trends in annual mean activity concentrations are discussed. 90Sr and 137Cs fallout activities affect seawater activity, the coefficient...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199302000-00006
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1959, the Test Manager's Committee to Establish Fallout Doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. Using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for com...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198607000-00003
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Institutional radiation safety programs routinely use wipe test sampling and liquid scintillation counting analysis to indicate the presence of removable radioactive contamination. Significant volumes of liquid waste can be generated by such surveillance activities, and the subsequent disposal of these materials can s...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199703000-00016
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent publication by in the April 28, 2004, issue of JAMA raises concern since it suggests that exposure to dental x rays during pregnancy could be responsible for human fetal growth retardation. Furthermore, the article could have a negative impact on the dental care of pregnant women who might fear the effect of ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000152109.40007.35
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study is to characterize the risk of tumors from radiation exposure to the head and neck. A cohort of 2,224 children given x-ray treatment and 1,380 given only topical medications for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during 1940-1959 have been followed up for a median of 39 y to determine tum...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200310000-00003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) can provide accurate and precise measurements for both patient and personnel dosimetry in the medical imaging environment. They have the advantages of tissue equivalency, an excellent dynamic range, and dose rate independence. In the work reported here, experiments with planar x-ray,...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199012000-00006
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cameco lung counter has been recalibrated using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory torso phantom using an extended lung set (i.e., longer than the original set). The previous calibration had used the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute torso phantom. The new calibration had lower counting efficiencie...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000346306.54221.28
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The former Apollo facility converted enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium oxide for shipment to nuclear fuel fabrication plants from 1957 to 1983. This paper describes quantification of the source term from the Apollo facility in terms of quantities of uranium released, particle size, and solubility characterist...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001343
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Radon-222 diffusion length has been measured for 28 Danish soils and sediments. Samples were placed in a diffusion column connected to a 222Rn reservoir and the transport of 222Rn through the column was measured. The diffusion length was found by comparing the measured data to time-dependent diffusion theory. Dry silt...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198711000-00002
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some preliminary considerations from the management of post-accident situations connected to large scale and high land contamination are presented. The return to normal, or at least acceptable living conditions, as soon as reasonably achievable, and the prevention of the possible emergence of a post-accident crisis is...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199501000-00002
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 20 September 1999, a urine sample submitted by a University of Rochester radiation worker was noted to have a count rate of about 759,500 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per milliliter as analyzed on the Radiation Safety Unit (RSU) Packard liquid sintillation counter. The sample was recounted that day with variabl...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200005001-00006
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work was directed towards an assessment of alpha/beta separation, alpha detection efficiency, energy resolution, quench sensitivity, and background count rate for four commercially available liquid scintillation cocktails using a Wallac 1415 liquid scintillation counter. The four cocktails were Wallac Oy OptiPhas...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199601000-00007
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00