Abstract:
:Measurements of the effective diffusion coefficient, De, of 222Rn in concrete are important for accurate determination of transport mechanisms and computer modeling of radon entry into structures. A method for in-situ determination of De as well as the emanation fraction, F, is described. It is based on continuous measurement of the radon flux from an intact slab and the concentrations on both sides. A non-linear regression algorithm was used to fit these data to the steady state solution to Fick's law. The regression output includes estimates of both De and F. The method has the advantage over typical laboratory procedures since it measures an undisturbed surface area of concrete where the samples exhibit moisture, temperature, and loading conditions that are experienced in a real structure. Effective diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.1 x 10(-8) to 4.4 x 10(-8) m2 s-1 for measurements of concrete floor slabs in two structures. The measured emanation fraction of radon in concrete in one structure was 0.2 +/- 0.02. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the values of De and F estimated by the regression procedure are strongly dependent on the thickness of the slab. The porosity of the concrete had little affect on the regression results.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Gadd MS,Borak TBdoi
10.1097/00004032-199506000-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-01 00:00:00pages
817-22issue
6eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Flows in lung bifurcations are complicated by geometry, and it is recognized that accurate lung dosimetric models require realistic calculations of the flow and particle deposition patterns. A computational fluid dynamics study of flow and particle concentration has been carried out for a lung bifurcation based on the...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199301000-00002
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DOE facilities are required to conduct environmental surveillance to verify that facility operations are operated within the approved risk envelope and have not caused undue risk to the public and the environment. Given a reduced budget, a strategy for analyzing environmental surveillance data was developed to set pri...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199711000-00012
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unventilated 70 m underground space, with 2.1 m high ceilings and an inner set of concrete walls to damp vibrations, was discovered to have relatively stable radon levels of ~1,080 Bq m over a 1-y period. The addition of radium sources was not required to achieve high and somewhat variable radon levels, as these ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001047
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decisions on whether to start a therapeutic intervention for management of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) should be made early after exposure, and it should be based on readily available clinical signs and laboratory parameters. Here, the authors use the minipig to assess if early prediction of the later developin...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000456
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author was invited to talk about ICRP perceptions of a look to the future. Many questions will be addressed when the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiates a revision of its basic recommendations from 1977, which were published in ICRP Publication 26. This process will take several ye...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00004
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The (241)Am contents in the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries' (USTUR) case 0102 leg phantom were previously estimated to be 1,243 ± 11 Bq. Recent analysis of the computed tomography images of the phantom revealed multiple bone structures missing from various regions of the phantom skeleton including: ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e318269bf81
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison of the risk coefficients for 239Pu- or 226Ra-induced bone cancer in two canine breeds, one with a relatively low (beagle) and the other with a very high (St. Bernard) natural incidence, indicated only slightly higher risk in the giant breed. The differences in risk for skeletal malignancy in 239Pu and 226...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199710000-00014
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key issues that have been raised at the meeting on Cosmic Radiation Doses to Air Crew and Astronauts are identified. The paper summarizes the radiation environment and radiation risks associated with exposures to both groups. Finally, the summary concludes that the risks do justify action. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200011000-00023
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a radiation emergency, evacuated, sheltered or other members of the public would require monitoring for external and/or internal contamination and, if indicated, decontamination. In addition, the potentially-impacted population would be identified for biodosimetry/bioassay or needed medical treatment (chelat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821dd9a2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the Full-Scale Radiological Dispersal Device Field Trials carried out in Suffield in 2012, several suites of detection and sampling equipment were used to measure and characterize the explosive dispersal of the short half-life radioactive tracer Lanthanum-140 ((140)La). The equipment deployed included networks ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000497
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientific data are reviewed to evaluate the risks of radioiodine uptake and to compare those risks with the benefits and risks of low milligram doses of stable potassium iodide (KI). The limit of 25 rad to the thyroid due to radioiodine uptake is adopted as the "break-even" point above which 130-mg KI doses should be...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198502000-00001
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immersion doses from external exposure to a Gaussian plume of noble gases accidentally released into the atmosphere have been calculated. A numerical integration procedure employing Gauss-Legendre of 64th order has been used. The numerical procedure allows calculating the dose rate at any downwind horizontal or ve...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000165448.00478.f9
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tests were conducted to characterize the uniformity of velocity and tracer gas profiles in a square and a rectangular duct with respect to defining the suitability of locations for single point sampling of gaseous contaminants. Several configurations, such as a straight duct with unidirectional flow at the entrance se...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000203325.62672.39
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human beings have always suffered and have incurred irreparable damages from different disasters. The most logical way to deal with disaster is to be comprehensively prepared. In line with this, the readiness of hospitals in the vicinity of nuclear centers is of great importance, as this could lead to reduced injuries...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001234
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiological consequences of using fly ash as a component of cement are discussed. Measurements of the activity concentrations of the fly ash and cement are reported together with measurements of emanation coefficients and exhalation rates. The radon-exhalation rate was found to be significantly lower in concrete ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198302000-00005
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We collected bricks from buildings in the heavily contaminated evacuated area of Belarus in a 30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power station and the Gomel-Bryansk area of 150-250 km from Chernobyl and estimated the cumulative radiation dose caused by the reactor accident by measuring the thermoluminescence (TL)...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200208000-00007
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation from medical practices in China has been collected for a 7 y period between 2010 and 2016 from roughly 220 individual monitoring service providers through the Chinese Registry of Radiation Workers. Statistical dose distributions and characteristic tendencies are presented ba...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001118
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is presented to analyze the retention of Pu in the major deposition organs of the beagle dog and predict the dynamic behavior of skeletal labels. The kinetic part describing the gross organ distribution was represented by a compartment model. A fit to empirical retention equations of liver and skeleton yielded...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198909000-00011
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) can provide accurate and precise measurements for both patient and personnel dosimetry in the medical imaging environment. They have the advantages of tissue equivalency, an excellent dynamic range, and dose rate independence. In the work reported here, experiments with planar x-ray,...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199012000-00006
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry using tooth enamel was established in the late 1960s, and considerable research has been conducted to learn more about the benefits of using human teeth as dosimeters for the purpose of retrospective dose reconstruction. Comparatively few studies have been don...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000899
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-five years after the Hanford Site was initially created as the primary plutonium production site for atomic weapons development under the Manhattan Project, the American Nuclear Society and the Health Physics Society are sponsoring a conference from 30 September through 3 October 2018, in Pasco, Washington, ti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000807
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon exposure is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, and elevated levels may be found in as many as 1 out of 15 homes. The U.S. EPA recommends testing homes for radon and mitigating over the advisory level of 4 picocuries per liter (4 pCi L(-1), or 148 Bq m(-3)). A sample population from a list of ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000254862.50407.4a
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A low-background phoswich detector is used to detect small amounts of 147Pm--a pure beta-emitting nuclide--present in the liver of an occupational worker. The assessment was based on the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the beta particles in the tissue. Computer programs based on Monte Carlo techniq...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199306000-00010
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 150 data sets giving time-dependent concentrations of 131I and 137Cs in feed and milk of cows after the Chernobyl accident are evaluated using a minimal compartmental modeling approach. Transfer of cesium via the grass-cow-milk pathway is adequately described by a three-compartmental model. No unique model r...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199406000-00005
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scientific basis for the physical and biological effectiveness of particle radiations has emerged from many decades of meticulous basic research. A diverse array of biologically relevant consequences at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level have been reported, but what are the key processes and mecha...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31826a5b85
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global concerns over energy supply and climate change have given rise to an increase in uranium prospecting, mining and extraction. The changing world economy is spreading the use of advanced nuclear and radiation-related technologies to many parts of the world, giving rise to global initiatives on nuclear energy and ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f56d14
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model describing the dynamics of lymphopoiesis in mammals continuously exposed to ionizing radiation has been developed. It is based on the theory of chalone regulation of hematopoiesis. The model comprises a system of nine differential equations. Results from the model were compared with our experiment...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199107000-00009
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expressions are derived in three cases for the expectation and uncertainty of body burdens and doses calculated from a linear model of environmental transport and human metabolism in terms of expectation and uncertainty in inputs of discrete, stochastic random variables. Three cases are compared to determine the relat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199307000-00007
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variability in radiosensitivity across the human population is governed in part by genetic factors. The ability to predict therapeutic response, identify individuals at greatest risk for adverse clinical responses after therapeutic radiation doses, or identify individuals at high risk for carcinogenesis from envir...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182692085
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the process of decommissioning a tritium-handling laboratory, direct-immersion and water-extraction methods for measuring tritium contamination in concrete were compared to a heating-cooling method. For this evaluation, concrete pieces chipped from contaminated concrete walls and floors were used. The direct-immers...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000261159.98536.85
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00