Cosmic-ray ionization in the lower atmosphere.

abstract：:The immersion doses from external exposure to a Gaussian plume of noble gases accidentally released into the atmosphere have been calculated. A numerical integration procedure employing Gauss-Legendre of 64th order has been used. The numerical procedure allows calculating the dose rate at any downwind horizontal or ve...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Raza S,Avila R

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been designed to accommodate some challenging radiological conditions. The high prompt neutron source (up to 1.6 × 10(19) neutrons per shot) results in the need for significant fixed shielding. Concrete shielding approximately 2 m thick is used for the primary (target bay) shie...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kohut TR,Brereton SJ,Khater H

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of nuclear fission, which was discovered in 1938, opened the door to the production of nuclear weapons, which were used in 1945 by the United States against Japan in World War II, and to the detonation of >500 nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere by the United States, the former Soviet Union, the United...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bouville A

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this paper is to evaluate the risks and doses for the internal contamination of the radiochemistry staff in a high workload medical cyclotron facility. The doses from internal contamination derive from the inhalation of radioactive gas leakage from the cells by personnel involved in the synthesis processes ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Calandrino R,del Vecchio A,Savi A,Todde S,Belloli S

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radioactive particulate release experiment to produce a near-field ground deposition representative of small-scale venting from an underground nuclear test was conducted to gather data in support of treaty capability development activities. For this experiment, a CO2-driven "air cannon" was used to inject (140)La, a...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Keillor ME,Arrigo LM,Baciak JE,Chipman V,Detwiler RS,Emer DF,Kernan WJ,Kirkham RR,MacDougall MR,Milbrath BD,Rishel JP,Seifert A,Seifert CE,Smart JE

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the summers of 1990 and 1991, outdoor 222Rn detectors were installed for 3 mo in 78 communities across Canada. The 1990 measurements showed large regional variations with the average outdoor levels for the provinces of Manitoba (59 Bq m-3) and Saskatchewan (61 Bq m-3) exceeding the average indoor levels of 55 Bq m-...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Grasty RL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calculations of absorbed doses in organs of the human body and the total effective dose due to Cs in soil as a source of external exposure are presented in this work. Calculations were done using the MCNP-4B software package. The assumption was made that photons with an energy of 662 keV are emitted in a cylindrical v...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Krstić D,Nikezić D

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the needs for biodosimetry for initial triage for military forces and civilian populations when there are radiation exposures that involve potentially a large number of persons. Several differences in the likely scenarios for exposure of military forces include a greate...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Swartz HM,Flood AB,Williams BB,Meineke V,Dörr H

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to identify exposure to depleted uranium by measuring the isotopic composition of uranium in urine. Exposure to depleted uranium results in a decreased percentage of 235U in urine samples causing measurements to vary between n...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ejnik JW,Carmichael AJ,Hamilton MM,McDiarmid M,Squibb K,Boyd P,Tardiff W

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) operates an environmentally controlled chamber for purposes of exposing various radon and decay product measurement equipment to known (222)Rn concentrations. Exposure durations range from 1 h to several months, and (222)Rn concentrations vary between 37 and 4,440 Bq m(-3...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ronca-Battista M,Budd G,McLemore S

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data on nuclear medicine thyroid examinations performed in Manitoba (population 1 million) from 1981-1985 were collected, with more detailed demographic data obtained on 1,100 consecutive patients between June 1987 and January 1988. An average of 2,081 patients were examined per year, 81% female and 19% male, represen...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Huda W,Gordon K,Greenberg ID

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple passive sampler for 222Rn with up to 24-hr integration times can be constructed by using a diffusion barrier to regulate the effective sampling rate of an ambient temperature activated carbon bed. The diffusion element serves to make sampler performance relatively independent of the properties of the type of ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Prichard HM,Mariën K

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To validate a model for radon transport in soil, measurements of diffusive radon transport under well-defined and controlled conditions have been made in a homogeneous column of dry sand with an air-filled volume on top. This volume simulates a crawl space. The measurements concern time-dependent diffusive transport w...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： van der Spoel WH,van der Graaf ER,de Meijer RJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessing risk from manmade and naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment has long been of primary interest in radiation protection. Early investigations and decisions relied on direct measurements of radiation in environmental media; however, these techniques were inadequate for determining exposure to hum...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Till JE

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of the UK Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Directorate of Fisheries Research (MAFF/DFR) post-Chernobyl monitoring program, a detailed study was carried out of the change over time in dissolved-phase 137Cs concentrations in a number of lakes in Cumbria, UK. These measurements have been combined with p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Smith JT,Leonard DR,Hilton J,Appleby PG

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New technologies such as intensity modulated and image guided radiation therapy, computer controlled linear accelerators, record and verify systems, electronic charts, and digital imaging have revolutionized radiation therapy over the past 10-15 y. Quality assurance (QA) as historically practiced and as recommended in...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Amols HI

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radionuclide contents of conventional natural raw building materials, coal ash and slag, and finished building products have been determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results of brick measurements in their original geometry and in crushed form are compared. The radioactive concentrations in cement and sand, mo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Man CK,Lau SY,Au SC,Ng WK

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A personal 222Rn and gamma-ray detector has been developed. The detector precision is limited only by the Poisson counting error and has a lower limit of detection in this study of 4.5 kBq m-3 h (4 pCi L-1 day). The detector was used in a study of 52 homes in Illinois to measure the personal exposure vs. the simultane...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Harley NH,Chittaporn P,Roman MH,Sylvester J

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of the ingestion dose pathways in collective effective dose due to severe reactor accidents is evaluated by studying two different radioactive accidental releases. A short description of the ingestion dose pathway model is also given. Typically, exposure via contaminated food without countermeasures cau...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Partanen JP,Savolainen I

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty-one soil samples were collected to a depth of 30 cm in the central and eastern region of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Concentrations of background radionuclides in soil samples were determined by gamma ray spectrometry with an HPGe detector. The average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Malanca A,Pessina V,Dallara G

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Trinity nuclear test, conducted in 1945, exposed residents of New Mexico to varying degrees of radioactive fallout. Companion papers in this issue have detailed the results of a dose reconstruction that has estimated tissue-specific radiation absorbed doses to residents of New Mexico from internal and external exp...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cahoon EK,Zhang R,Simon SL,Bouville A,Pfeiffer RM

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laser safety filter materials must be evaluated at various levels up to the maximum irradiances likely to be encountered, since the absorber may exhibit nonlinear properties. Extreme care is necessary around short-duration lasers due to extremely high peak irradiances in the beam. This is especially true for visible a...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lyon TL,Marshall WJ

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroids from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were collected in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Idaho and 129I/127I atom ratios were determined. Iodine-129/127 atom ratios were significantly (P less than 0.005) different among states. Ratios in Wyoming and Idaho control thyroids were significantly (P less than 0.05)...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Markham OD,Hakonson TE,Whicker FW,Morton JS

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to assess the contribution of phosphate feed supplements to the radiation exposure of the population in Israel. The phosphates usually contain appreciable quantities of U and its daughters and the actual exposure of human consumers depends, to a very large extent, on the degree of equi...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Izak-Biran T,Schlesinger T,Weingarten R,Even O,Shamai Y,Israeli M

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor Rn concentrations and Rn in adjacent karst terrains were studied at four houses with crawlspaces in Huntsville, AL. In warm summertime weather, Rn-rich air may vent through limestone solution cavities exposed as holes at the surface of the properties. A probable interrelated-finding is that the indoor levels of...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Wilson DL,Gammage RB,Dudney CS,Saultz RJ

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new 241Am lung monitoring system without shielding was devised by using an imaging plate system. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's realistic torso phantom containing a 241Am lung was covered by imaging plates sealed in lightproof bags. The imaging plate system displayed 241Am lung images characteristic of...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hirota M,Kurihara O,Takada C,Takasaki K,Momose T,Deji S,Ito S,Saze T,Nishizawa K

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While it is implicitly recognized that the benefits of diagnostic imaging far outweigh any theoretical radiogenic risks, quantitative estimates of the benefits are rarely, if ever, juxtaposed with quantitative estimates of risk. This alone - expression of benefit in purely qualitative terms versus expression of risk i...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Zanzonico PB

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beagle dogs were given subcutaneous implants of plutonium in their forepaws to mimic hand wounds received by workers accidentally contaminated with plutonium. Ten dogs received 9.46 +/- 0.43 mu Ci of plutonium oxide, and eight dogs received 1.25 +/- 0.60 mu Ci of plutonium nitrate. Surviving dogs were sacrificed at 8 ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Dagle GE,Bristline RW,Lebel JL,Watters RL

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The statistical distribution of 222Rn measurements from basements and first floors of homes in northeastern Pennsylvania was investigated. The gamma distribution was statistically significantly superior to the normal distribution (p less than 0.005) in describing the frequency distribution of the logarithm of observed...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Janssen I,Stebbings JH

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This survey measured radiofrequency (RF) fields from wireless local area networks (WLANs) using Wi-Fi technology against a background of RF fields in the environment over the frequency range 75 MHz-3 GHz. A total of 356 measurements were conducted at 55 sites (including private residences, commercial spaces, health ca...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Foster KR

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00