Abstract:
:Higher plants produce diverse classes of metabolites. Metabolic engineering offers tremendous potential to improve the production and quality of these chemicals. This report summarizes the possibility of using metabolic engineering in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as morphine, sanguinarine, and berberine, are synthesized from tyrosine via reticuline in Magnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, and many other species. The early pathway from tyrosine to reticuline is common among many plant species, whereas there is more diversity in late pathways. This review describes several strategies to improve the yield and quality of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. First, the overexpression of a rate-limiting enzyme in an early pathway to increase the overall alkaloid yield is discussed. Second, the introduction of a new branch into the pathway has been shown to produce novel metabolites. Finally, the possibility of accumulating a pathway intermediate by the knock-down of a key step is examined. Further metabolic modification is also discussed, since the latter two modifications may lead to the production of novel compound(s) from an accumulated intermediate through metabolic activation. These metabolic changes could be further modified to increase chemical diversity through somatic variation in cell culture. Besides this direct metabolic engineering with isolated biosynthetic genes, the regulation of biosynthetic activity with transcription factors and/or with reconstruction of the entire biosynthesis will also be discussed for the next generation of metabolite production.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Biotechnoljournal_title
Current pharmaceutical biotechnologyauthors
Sato F,Inui T,Takemura Tdoi
10.2174/138920107781387438subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-08-01 00:00:00pages
211-8issue
4eissn
1389-2010issn
1873-4316journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Burn is still an important global public health challenge. Wound colonization of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii can lead to high morbidity and mortality in burn patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on efflux pump, which can cause a...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201021666200220121122
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: CME-1 is a polysaccharide purified from the mycelia of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis, its molecular weight was determined to be 27.6 kDa by using nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The initiation of arterial thromboses is relevant to various cardiovascular diseases ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, a range of dental products have appeared which make advertising claims around preventing mineral loss or repairing mineral loss. This review examines the requirements for effective protection of tooth structure, and the evidence around technologies now available for preventing tooth structure loss ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201017666161207163851
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a diverse groups of lymphoid neoplasms that collectively rank fifth in cancer incidence and mortality. Conventional treatment for patients with newly-diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) includes radiation or chemotherapy. In addition, those with asymptomatic low-grade disease may fol...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201013378581
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike any other cell type, T cells have a unique potential to eliminate cancer cells and to eventually cure cancer patients. As a result, researchers have made extensive efforts over the past three decades to develop therapeutics with the potential to mount T cell responses against cancer cells. One way in which such...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920112800785005
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elaboration of the structure of TRPV1 and its functional relationship with channel activity is a work in progress, with much remaining to be done before the structure-function relationship of TRPV1 is comprehensively elicited. The result is that the present state of knowledge can reasonably be described as a patch-wor...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920111793937934
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Raman spectroscopy has long been used as a powerful tool for chemical composition analyses. Raman scattering light measurement has the advantage of being able to examine biomolecules in a nondestructive and non-labeling manner. However, molecular imaging of cells and tissues by using Raman microscopy had been hampered...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To date, an increasing number of pet owners, especially in the USA, are using cannabis-derived products containing generally delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) to help their animals' health. Unfortunately, studies on the clinical use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine are still limi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201018666171122115815
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Connexin (Cx) proteins are the building blocks of gap junctions. Among these, Cx37 and Cx40 are expressed on vascular system and reported to have cardioprotective role. Linking polymorphisms in genes coding for Cx and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk showed conflicting results in different populations. Non...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201018666171002125432
更新日期:2017-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the improvements in living standards, height is getting more attention. Malnutrition is one of the main causes of children's short stature, therefore nutritional intervention in adolescence is the key to prevent short stature. The peptides from Antarctic krill (AKPs), the ideal protein model, act in bon...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200612170316
更新日期:2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The work was performed to investigate the feasibility of preparing ocular inserts loaded with Poly-ε-Caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles as a sustained ocular delivery system. METHODS:First, Atorvastatin Calcium-Poly-ε-Caprolactone (ATC-PCL) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. Then, the optimized nanop...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201021666200519133350
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signals relayed through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) play pivotal roles in human physiology and are important drug targets. About 40% of all GPCRs couple to the heterotrimeric G protein Gq. Biochemical studies as well as crystallography have improved our understanding of GqPCRs and their downstream partners. Her...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201015666140922101637
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biologic drugs, introduced in clinical practice almost twenty years ago, represent nowadays a prominent treatment option in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis, that include ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201019666171226151852
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metastatic cascade and colonization remains a major challenge in clinical therapeutics. The formation of metastasis has many rate limiting steps. The expression of metastases initiation genes in primary tumors is driven by the need for cell motility, invasiveness, handling the shear stress in the vasculature and l...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920111798376996
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global concern. About one third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Every year, approximately 8 million people get the disease and 2 million die of TB. The currently available vaccine against TB is the attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201013378707
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful in research, diagnosis, and therapy. The increased demands of recombinant mAbs require efficient production systems. A variety of expression vectors have been developed for stable or transient production of mAbs in mammalian cells. Although a few commercial...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201018666170320110545
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. Phytochemistry studies on the plants extracts in general, and on essential oils (EOs) in particular are focused on the isolation and identification of the components of complex mixtures, in order to determine structure - activity...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920101602150112151549
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using gene knockout mice of particular genes is one of the most effective methods in conducting successful study on the mode of action of target gene products in targeted organs. So called the knockout technology is now a powerful tool that can lead us to find clear understanding on difficult questions such as the eff...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920109787314999
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases. Thus, antioxidant strategies may be important in immune regulation and in limiting inflammation. Surprisingly, large clini...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elaborate repair pathways counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage by mechanisms that are understood in reasonable detail. In contrast, repair of damaged RNA has not been widely explored. This may be because aberrant RNAs are generally assumed to be degraded rather than repaired. The reason for this view is we...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920107783018363
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is also a rise in transmission of resi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201021666200226100242
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Citronella Oil (CO) was used by the Indian army as mosquito repellant to repel mosquitoes at the beginning of the 20th century and later in 1948, it was registered in the USA for commercial purposes. Due to its ecofriendly nature, CO possesses immense potential as a mosquito repellent. METHODS:Citronella oi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201020666191120124314
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silkworm pupae protein is a good source of high quality protein. The hydrolyzates of silkworm pupae protein catalyzed by neutrase, pepsin, acidic protease (Asperqiius usamii NO. 537), flavourzyme, alcalase, and trypsin with inhibitory activity on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were identified by HPLC. The hydro...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138920108785161578
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug commonly used in the treatment of intermittent claudication. However, numerous research groups report that PTX also may potentially be used in the anticancer therapy following one of the main trends in the nowadays medicine - combined anticancer therapy. SCOPE OF REVIEW:The re...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201019666180528084641
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most challenging and fruitful biomedical research endeavor of this decade will be the mapping of cell signaling systems and establishing their linkages to normal and disease-related processes. Amongst other things, the Human Genome Sequencing Project has greatly facilitated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identificati...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201043489666
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fc-based therapeutics including therapeutic full-size monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Fcfusion proteins represent fastest-growing market in biopharmaceutical industrial. However, one major challenge during development of Fc-based therapeutics is how to maintain their efficacy in clinic use. Many factors may lead to f...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201017666161117145312
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data obtained through high-throughput technologies have gradually revealed that a unique stratified epithelial architecture of human skin along with the antioxidant-response pathways provided vital defensive mechanisms against UV radiation. However, it is noteworthy that skin is a major target for toxic insult by UV r...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201016666150731111308
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial lipases especially Pseudomonas lipases are extensively used for different biotechnological applications. OBJECTIVES:With the better understanding and progressive needs for improving its activity in accordance with the growing market demand, we aimed in this study to improve the recombinant product...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201020666190416144650
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this rev...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389201021666201203160012
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Proliposomes are phospholipid based drug delivery systems that are finding important applications in the field of pharmaceutics. Proliposomes have been extensively studied as a potential carrier for oral delivery of drugs with poor bioavailability, but the mechanism of absorption and cellular uptake pathways has not y...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389201016666150118134256
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00