Monoclinic uncomplexed double-stranded, antiparallel, left-handed beta 5.6-helix (increases decreases beta 5.6) structure of gramicidin A: alternate patterns of helical association and deformation.

abstract：:Yields of beta-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates, in particles formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of C(9)-C(15) 2-methyl-1-alkenes in the presence of NO(x) were measured by using a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatograph wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsunaga A,Ziemann PJ

更新日期：2010-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The modulation of K+ channels by serotonin (5-HT) receptors was studied by coinjecting Xenopus oocytes with mRNA transcribed in vitro from a cloned 5-HT 1C subtype (5-HT1C) receptor gene, together with size-fractionated mRNA isolated from rat cerebral cortex that expresses K+ channels. After intracellular loading with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Panicker MM,Parker I,Miledi R

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated RANK (receptor activator of NF-kappaB) nullizygous mice to determine the molecular genetic interactions between osteoprotegerin, osteoprotegerin ligand, and RANK during bone resorption and remodeling processes. RANK(-/-) mice lack osteoclasts and have a profound defect in bone resorption and remodeli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li J,Sarosi I,Yan XQ,Morony S,Capparelli C,Tan HL,McCabe S,Elliott R,Scully S,Van G,Kaufman S,Juan SC,Sun Y,Tarpley J,Martin L,Christensen K,McCabe J,Kostenuik P,Hsu H,Fletcher F,Dunstan CR,Lacey DL,Boyle WJ

更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the CB2 receptor is apparently an endogenous protective mechanism. Thus, it restrains inflammation and protects the skeleton against age-related bone loss. However, the endogenous cannabinoids, as well as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main plant psychoactive constituent, activate both cannabinoid recept...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smoum R,Baraghithy S,Chourasia M,Breuer A,Mussai N,Attar-Namdar M,Kogan NM,Raphael B,Bolognini D,Cascio MG,Marini P,Pertwee RG,Shurki A,Mechoulam R,Bab I

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Assembly of light-harvesting complexes requires synchronization of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis with biogenesis of light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs). The chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) pathway is responsible for transport of nucleus-encoded LHCPs in the stroma of the plastid and thei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang P,Liang FC,Wittmann D,Siegel A,Shan SO,Grimm B

更新日期：2018-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a cDNA from a human phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphoblast library encoding a protein that binds 125I-labeled human interleukin 12 (125I-huIL-12) with a Kd of about 5 nM when expressed in COS-7 cells. When coexpressed in COS-7 cells with the previously identified IL-12 beta receptor (IL-12R beta) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Presky DH,Yang H,Minetti LJ,Chua AO,Nabavi N,Wu CY,Gately MK,Gubler U

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP increase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and mRNA levels in pheochromocytoma cultures. The transcriptional activity of the TH gene, as measured by nuclear run-on assay, is also increased when cultures are treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone or agents that increase i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis EJ,Harrington CA,Chikaraishi DM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subcellular localization of Ocrl, the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that is mutated in Lowe syndrome, was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Ocrl was localized to endosomes and Golgi membranes along with clathrin, giantin, the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, transferrin, and the early endosomal antigen ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ungewickell A,Ward ME,Ungewickell E,Majerus PW

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The local conformations of proteins and peptides are determined by the amino acid sequence. However, the 20 amino acids encoded by the genome allow the peptide backbone to fold into many conformations, so that even for a small peptide it becomes very difficult to predict the three-dimensional structure. By using empir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burgess AW

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:That tumors cause changes in surrounding tissues is well documented, but whether they also affect distant tissues is uncertain. Such knowledge may be important in understanding the relationship between cancer and overall patient health. To address this question, we examined tissues distant to sites of implanted tumors...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Redon CE,Dickey JS,Nakamura AJ,Kareva IG,Naf D,Nowsheen S,Kryston TB,Bonner WM,Georgakilas AG,Sedelnikova OA

更新日期：2010-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is almost invariably found in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) which develop in HBV carriers. Integrated HBV DNAs from two single-integration HCCs (C3 and C4) have been cloned, and the cellular integration sites have been analyzed. Integrated HBV DNA of C3 is present in chromosome...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hino O,Shows TB,Rogler CE

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:C-1027 is an enediyne antitumor antibiotic composed of four distinct moieties: an enediyne core, a deoxy aminosugar, a beta-amino acid, and a benzoxazolinate moiety. We now show that the benzoxazolinate moiety is derived from chorismate by the sequential action of two enzymes-SgcD, a 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate (ADIC...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Lanen SG,Lin S,Shen B

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nitrogen metabolic circuit in enteric bacteria consists of three enzymes: glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). With the carbon skeleton provided by 2-oxoglutarate, ammonia/ammonium (NH(4)(+)) is assimilated into two central nitrogen intermediates, glutamate a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan D

更新日期：2007-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide sequence analysis of one of several tRNA genes cloned from Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear DNA indicated that it corresponds to a tRNA species having TTA as anticodon. Subsequently, the tRNA species corresponding to that gene was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined by post-labeling tech...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuchino Y,Hanyu N,Tashiro F,Nishimura S

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tat protein coded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a strong activator of viral gene expression from the long terminal repeat (LTR). It appears that Tat-mediated trans-activation of the HIV LTR is predominantly a transcriptional event. It has been reported that Tat acts at the level of both transcriptional ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamine J,Subramanian T,Chinnadurai G

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical cleavage, we have prepared and studied a variety of 2D crystals including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, sever...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Novoselov KS,Jiang D,Schedin F,Booth TJ,Khotkevich VV,Morozov SV,Geim AK

更新日期：2005-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Reversible biological electron transfer usually occurs between redox couples at standard redox potentials ranging from +0.8 to -0.5 V. Dearomatizing benzoyl-CoA reductases (BCRs), key enzymes of the globally relevant microbial degradation of aromatic compounds at anoxic sites, catalyze a biological Birch reduction bey...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huwiler SG,Löffler C,Anselmann SEL,Stärk HJ,von Bergen M,Flechsler J,Rachel R,Boll M

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A "supercooled" liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific id...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kassner ER,Eyvazov AB,Pichler B,Munsie TJ,Dabkowska HA,Luke GM,Davis JC

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:This article extends our previous quantitative analysis of the relationship between the dynamics of the primary structure of DNA and mutagenesis associated with single-strand lesions to an analysis of the production and processing of endogenous double-strand breaks (EDSBs) and to their implications for oncogenesis. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vilenchik MM,Knudson AG

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-based identification depends on the probability that two different individuals have the same phenotype, which is given by kinship theory. Together with the large and consistent body of evidence on human population structure, kinship theory provides a sound basis for forensic use of DNA markers. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morton NE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary base sequence of the protein coding regions of the four small heat shock genes of Drosophila melanogaster present at cytological locus 67B has been determined. A single open reading frame large enough to encode a small heat shock protein is found for each gene. The molecular weights of the predicted protei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ingolia TD,Craig EA

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogen-stimulated scheduled DNA synthesis and DNA excision repair in human lymphocytes, as well as DNA polymerase a activity in a cell-free system, were inhibited by an electrophilic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. This metabolite, (+/-)-anti-(7r,8t)-dihydroxy-(9,10t)-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahyd robenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Busbee DL,Joe CO,Norman JO,Rankin PW

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsZ, the ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulins, is a GTPase that assembles into a cytokinetic ring structure essential for cell division in prokaryotic cells. Similar to tubulin, purified FtsZ polymerizes into dynamic protofilaments in the presence of GTP; polymer assembly is accompanied by GTP hydrolysis. We used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Margalit DN,Romberg L,Mets RB,Hebert AM,Mitchison TJ,Kirschner MW,RayChaudhuri D

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the use of the matrix eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and pseudoinverse projection and a tensor higher-order EVD (HOEVD) in reconstructing the pathways that compose a cellular system from genome-scale nondirectional networks of correlations among the genes of the system. The EVD formulates a genes x genes n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alter O,Golub GH

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Four new members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, referred to as fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), have been identified by a combination of random cDNA sequencing, data base searches, and degenerate PCR. Pairwise comparisons between the four FHFs show between 58% and 71% amino acid seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smallwood PM,Munoz-Sanjuan I,Tong P,Macke JP,Hendry SH,Gilbert DJ,Copeland NG,Jenkins NA,Nathans J

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are synthases required to build the essential peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall surrounding most bacterial cells. The mechanisms regulating the activity of these enzymes to control PG synthesis remain surprisingly poorly defined given their status as key antibiotic targets. Several years ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greene NG,Fumeaux C,Bernhardt TG

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-electron oxidation of cobaltous octaethylporphyrin [Co(II)(Et)(8)P] yields a stable pi-cation radical [Co(III)(Et)(8)P](2+.), the optical spectrum of which exhibits spectral changes dependent upon the nature of the counterion. Comparison of these spectra with those of Compounds I of horseradish peroxidase and cata...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dolphin D,Forman A,Borg DC,Fajer J,Felton RH

更新日期：1971-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Von Willebrand factor (vWF) was purified from the plasma of a patient with type IIB von Willebrand disease (vWF from such a patient, IIB vWF) who had a normal platelet count and showed no evidence of spontaneous platelet aggregation. Large multimers of IIB vWF were absent from purified preparations and from plasma. Ri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Marco L,Girolami A,Zimmerman TS,Ruggeri ZM

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key question in clarifying human-environment interactions is how dynamic complexity develops across integrative scales from molecular to population and global levels. Apart from its public health importance, measles is an excellent test bed for such an analysis. Simple mechanistic models have successfully illuminate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker AD,Birger RB,Teillant A,Gastanaduy PA,Wallace GS,Grenfell BT

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracisternal A-particles were isolated from three different myeloma lines in BALB/c mice and from cultured neuroblastoma cells of A/J origin. All preparations contained a major structural protein with an apparent molecular weight near 70,000 as estimated by electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-containi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuff EL,Leuders KK,Ozer HL,Wivel NA

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00