Abstract：
:Isotopic measurement of biosynthetic rates of lipids in VLDL particles has long posed difficult technical problems. In this review, key methodologic issues and recent technical advances are discussed. A common problem for all biosynthetic measurements is the requirement to measure isotopic labeling of the true intracellular biosynthetic precursor pool. Two techniques that address this problem for lipid biosynthesis, and that are applicable to humans, have been developed-the combinatorial probability method (or mass isotopomer distribution analysis) and (2)H(2)O incorporation. The theoretical basis and practical application of these methods, both of which involve mass spectrometry, are described. Issues relevant to specific lipid components of VLDL, such as differences in the labeling of the various particle lipids (phospholipid, cholesterol, etc.), and the contribution of an intrahepatic cytosolic triacylglycerol (TG) storage pool to VLDL-TG are discussed. In summary, advances in stable isotope-mass spectrometric techniques now permit accurate measurement of liver-TG synthesis and flux. In vivo regulation of the synthesis, assembly, and secretion of VLDL-TG in humans is thereby accessible to direct investigation. Patient-oriented research in conditions such as dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis is made feasible by these scientific advances.
journal_name
J Lipid Resjournal_title
Journal of lipid researchauthors
Parks EJ,Hellerstein MKdoi
10.1194/jlr.R600018-JLR200subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
1651-60issue
8eissn
0022-2275issn
1539-7262pii
R600018-JLR200journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Baboons possess Lp[a] that is similar to human Lp[a], including the presence of the unique protein, apo[a]. Baboon apo[a] occurred in at least nine isoforms distinguishable by size. Isoforms were resolved by 3-12% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoretic separation of serum proteins, and were detected with baboon a...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chromatographic behavior of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,12-long-chain alkane diols and 1-O-alkylglycerols and their derivatives has been compared. Thin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel G gives poor separations of the 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-alkane diols, O-alkylglycerols, and some of their isopropylidene derivatives. Ho...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. However, because it is difficult to measure the actual rates of synthesis and degradation of individual lipid species, lipid compositions are often used as a surrogate to evaluate lipid metabolism even though they provide only static s...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.D119000318
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biosynthesis of 5,15-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-diHETE) in leukocytes involves consecutive oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX in either order. Here, we analyzed the contribution of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 to the biosynthesis of 5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE in isolated human leuk...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M017822
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) used for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) become epimerized at C-3 to isoUDCA. We investigated the metabolism of isoUDCA and a possible pharmacologic effect in five patients (51.4 +/- 5.8 years old; 3 females, 2 males) with PBC and persis...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free fat cells and stromal-vascular cells were prepared from rat adipose tissue by incubation with collagenase. NH(4)OH-NH(4)Cl extracts of acetone-ether powders prepared from fat cells contained lipoprotein lipase activity but extracts of stromal-vascular cells did not. Intact fat cells released lipoprotein lipase ac...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three 14C-labeled 22-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, 7,10,13,16-[14C]docosatetraenoic acid (22:4(n-6)), 7,10,13,16,19-[14C]docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3)), and 4,7,10,13,16,19-[14C]docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)), were compared with [3H]arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6] and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)) to character...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ABCA12 mutations disrupt the skin barrier and cause harlequin ichthyosis. We previously showed Abca12(-/-) skin has increased glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and correspondingly lower amounts of ceramide (Cer). To examine why loss of ABCA12 leads to accumulation of GlcCer, de novo sphingolipid synthesis was assayed using [(...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M044941
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imidazole catalyzed acylations of lysolipids by acyl-CoAs in water at room temperature and at a pH close to neutrality. In the presence of oleoyl-CoA and either lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC); lysophosphatidylglycerol, monoacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; lysophosphatidyl acid...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.m200075-jlr200
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The composition of the emulsified oil and of the micellar phases obtained when a glyceride-fatty acid mixture is dispersed in bile salt solution has been defined. The micellar phase in equilibrium with the emulsified oil phase was obtained by filtration through Millipore filters. The behavior of different lipids in su...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review presents an overview of mammalian phospholipid synthesis and the cellular locations of the biochemical activities that produce membrane lipid molecular species. The generalized endoplasmic reticulum compartment is a central site for membrane lipid biogenesis, and examples of the emerging relationships betw...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1194/jlr.R800049-JLR200
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and oleic acid on lipid synthesis and secretion by HepG2 cells were examined to identify fatty acid specific changes in lipid metabolism that might indicate a basis for the hypolipidemic effect attributed to eicosapentaenoic acid and related n-3 fatty acids. Cellular glycerolipid s...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2)-associated hyperlipidemia is characterized by a disturbed clearance of apoE2-enriched VLDL remnants. Because excess apoE2 inhibits LPL-mediated triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis in vitro, we investigated whether direct or indirect stimulation of LPL activity in vivo reduces the apoE2-associated hy...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M800009-JLR200
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:De novo synthesis and turnover of endogenous ceramide in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients affected with Farber lipogranulomatosis were studied by biosynthetical labeling of cellular sphingolipids with [14C]serine. The cellular uptake of [14C]serine and incorporation into de novo synthesized ceramide was similar...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling, the relationship between CETP and low density lipoproteins (LDL) is still not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the effect of the inhibition of...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human striated muscle samples, from male control and Duchenne muscular dystrophy-affected children, were subjected to cluster-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (cluster-ToF-SIMS) imaging using a 25 keV Bi(3)(+) liquid metal ion gun under static SIMS conditions. Spectra and ion density maps, or secondary i...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M700421-JLR200
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies in humans and animals suggest that LDL particle core enrichment in cholesteryl oleate (CO) is associated with increased atherosclerosis. Diet enrichment with MUFAs enhances LDL CO content. Steroyl O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of much of the CO found in LDL, and...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M039644
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four different lipolytic preparations have been isolated from rat skeletal muscle. Two of these, provisionally designated monopalmitin lipase (MPL) and monomyristin lipase (MML), are associated with insoluble cellular particulate fractions. The other two enzymes, provisionally designated tricaproin lipase (TCL) and mo...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surface area, A, of contracting fatty acid monolayers was measured as a function of time, t, at constant surface pressure. In the initial temporal phase, ln A was linear with radical t. In a subsequent steady-state phase, ln A was linear with t. The initial desorption coefficient for sodium palmitate, K(i), and th...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recognition that the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol is catalyzed by an enzyme that is different from cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase raises the question as to the number of similar enzymes that may be present in liver and subserve bile acid synthesis. Thus, both 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid a...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) deficiency dramatically reduced atherogenesis in mice. In this report we investigate this mechanism and explore a therapeutic avenue based on inhibition of CSF-1 signaling. Lesions from macrophage colony stimulating factor-1 (Csf1)+/- mice showed inc...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M005215
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multiplexed assay was developed by MS to analyze, in a single run, six major human Apos involved in lipoprotein metabolism: ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoB100, ApoC-II, ApoC-III, and ApoE. This method was validated in vivo in six subjects who received a 14 h constant infusion of [5,5,5-(2)H3]L-leucine at 10 μM/kg/h. Plasma li...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.D064618
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the in vivo relationship between expression of the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B (SR-BI) and corresponding structural changes in the rat adrenocortical cell microvillar compartment. Using hormonal stimulation and withdrawal protocols, we were able to manipulate adrenal SR-BI levels and ca...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolism of chenodeoxycholic acid by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 10590 under strict anaerobic conditions was studied. A range of unsaturated acidic and neutral metabolites were isolated and identified. The major acidic product was chola-4,6-dien-3-one-24-oic acid whilst the major neutral product was androsta-4,6-dien-3...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have determined the effect of the side chain on the uptake of sterols from micellar solutions by isolated rat jejunal villus cells, brush border membranes, and erythrocytes. From an equimolar mixture of 7-dehydrosterols, the uptake decreased with an increasing number of carbon atoms at C24 of the sterol side chain ...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty liver is frequent in the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-defective genetic form of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), but interindividual variability in liver fat is large. To explain this, we assessed the roles of metabolic factors in 32 affected family members with apoB-defective FHBL and 33 related and unrelate...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M300508-JLR200
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transcriptional regulation of the rat cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7) by hormones and signal transduction pathways was studied by transient transfection assay of the promoter activity. HepG2 cells were transfected with deletion mutants of the CYP7 upstream region linked to the luciferase reporter gene....
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PAF-dependent transacetylase (TA) modifies the functions of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory lipid, either by transferring the acetyl group from PAF to lysophospholipids (TAL activity), or to sphingosine (TAS activity) or by hydrolyzing PAF (acetylhydrolase activity). In stimulated endothelial c...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M200292-JLR200
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dietary n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) are associated with improvement in the parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) is a key protein regulating intracellular glucose disposal. Our aim was to investigate: i) the relationship between the GCKR rs1260326 (Pro446Leu) polymorphi...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1194/jlr.M057570
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Precipitation of cholesterol crystals from vesicles is an important step in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Little is known, however, about the kinetics and the mechanisms involved in cholesterol crystallization. Therefore, the time course of cholesterol crystal precipitation and lipid exchange between ves...
journal_title：Journal of lipid research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
