Abstract:
:Several findings suggest that signals from tyrosine kinases are transduced, at least in part, through ras proteins. These findings include (i) blockage of the transforming activity of constitutively active tyrosine kinases by inhibiting ras function and (ii) genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans and in Drosophila that identified ras genes as downstream effectors of tyrosine kinases. The recently isolated Drosophila gene Son of sevenless (Sos) is postulated to act as a positive regulatory link between tyrosine kinase and ras proteins by catalyzing exchange of GDP for GTP on ras protein. Such exchange proteins have been reported in extracts of mammalian cells but have not been previously characterized at a molecular level. As Sos appears to function in this role in Drosophila, we sought to isolate a vertebrate counterpart(s). We have characterized two widely expressed murine genes with a high degree of homology to Sos. Hybridization with human DNA and RNA indicates a high degree of conservation of these genes in other vertebrates.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bowtell D,Fu P,Simon M,Senior Pdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.14.6511keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-07-15 00:00:00pages
6511-5issue
14eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mahler proved the following quantitative result supplementing the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem: Sigma(i=0) (n)C(i)e(ri) > H(-n-epsilon) for any distinct rational numbers r(0),r(1),..., r(n) and rational integers C(0),C(1),...,C(n) with H = max(0=i=n) C(i). We improve Mahler's estimate by replacing exponentials e(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.3138
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike other predators that use vision as their primary sensory system, bats compute the three-dimensional (3D) position of flying insects from discrete echo snapshots, which raises questions about the strategies they employ to track and intercept erratically moving prey from interrupted sensory information. Here, we ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2011719117
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::IFN-gamma treatment of cells leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 followed by dimerization through a reciprocal Src homology 2-phosphotyrosine interaction near the -COOH end of each monomer, forming a parallel structure that accumulates in the nucleus to drive ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501063102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Viral genome packaging into capsids is powered by high-force-generating motor proteins. In the presence of all packaging components, ATP-powered translocation in vitro expels all detectable tightly bound YOYO-1 dye from packaged short dsDNA substrates and removes all aminoacridine dye from packaged genomic DNA in vivo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214318109
更新日期:2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic imaging of the relative amounts of reduced NADH and FAD and the microenvironment of these metabolic electron carriers can be used to noninvasively monitor changes in metabolism, which is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. This study combines cellular redox ratio, NADH and FAD lifetime, and subcellular m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708425104
更新日期:2007-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) is being increasingly used to study protein assemblies and complex protein interaction networks. Existing CXMS chemical cross-linkers target only Lys, Cys, Glu, and Asp residues, limiting the information measurable. Here we report a "plant-and-cast" cross-linking strateg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1813574115
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the gene-expression patterns during liver regeneration may help to reveal how regenerative processes are initiated and controlled as well as shed new light onto processes that lead to liver disease. Using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, we have examined the gene-expression program in the livers of m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.122359899
更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The determination of macromolecular structures requires weighting of experimental evidence relative to prior physical information. Although it can critically affect the quality of the calculated structures, experimental data are routinely weighted on an empirical basis. At present, cross-validation is the most rigorou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506412103
更新日期:2006-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Ca(V)1 channels initiate excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle. During the fight-or-flight response, epinephrine released by the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves increase muscle contractility by activation of the β-adrenergic receptor/cAMP-dependent protein k...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1012384107
更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Certain cognitive functions differ in men and women, although the anatomical and functional substrates underlying these differences remain unknown. Because neocortical activity is directly related with higher brain function, numerous studies have focused on the cerebral cortex when searching for possible structural co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803652105
更新日期:2008-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Noncanonical DNA structures that stall DNA replication can cause errors in genomic DNA. Here, we investigated how the noncanonical structures formed by sequences in genes associated with a number of diseases impacted DNA polymerization by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase. Replication of a DNA sequence forming an ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1704258114
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose is a fundamental metabolite, yet how cells sense and respond to changes in extracellular glucose concentration is not completely understood. We recently reported that the MondoA:Mlx dimeric transcription factor directly regulates glycolysis. In this article, we consider whether MondoA:Mlx complexes have a broa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0712199105
更新日期:2008-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::By selective attachment of a DNA cleavage agent to specific residues in the yeast TATA box binding protein (yTBP), we demonstrate that, in solution, yTBP binds to the TATA boxes of both the adenovirus major late promoter and the yeast CYC1 promoter with only a modest preference in orientation and binds well to several...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13475
更新日期:1997-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated kinase, PERK, in mammary gland function was assessed through generation of a targeted deletion in mammary epithelium. Characterization revealed that PERK is required for functional maturation of milk-secreting mammary epithelial cells. PERK-dependent signaling con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808517105
更新日期:2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) are tau kinases and have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The 3D structures of these kinases are remarkably similar, which led us to hypothesize that both might be capable of binding cyclin proteins--the act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402627111
更新日期:2014-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::The super-enhancers (SEs) of lineage-specific genes in B cells are off-target sites of somatic hypermutation. However, the inability to detect sufficient numbers of mutations in normal human B cells has precluded the generation of a high-resolution mutational landscape of SEs. Here we captured and sequenced 12 B cell ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1914163116
更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a Kappa-on-Heavy (KoH) mouse that produces a class of highly diverse, fully human, antibody-like agents. This mouse was made by replacing the germline variable sequences of both the Ig heavy-chain (IgH) and Ig kappa (IgK) loci with the human IgK germline variable sequences, producing antibody-like molecule...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901734117
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress induced in live HeLa cells by menadione (2-methyl-1,4-napthaquinone) was studied in real time by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The hydrophobic molecule menadione diffuses through a living cell membrane where it is toxic to the cell. However, in the cell it is conjugated with glutathione ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1201555109
更新日期:2012-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the spontaneous clustering of solitons in partially coherent wavefronts during the final stages of pattern formation initiated by modulation instability and noise. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.072287299
更新日期:2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The photoaffinity labeling agent 5-azidoindole-3-acetic acid, an analog of the endogenous plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin), was used to identify indole-3-acetic acid-binding proteins in maize. Two peptides with subunit molecular masses of 24 and 22 kilodaltons are specifically labeled in a saturable manne...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6153
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enzyme that reduces methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues in proteins [peptide Met(O) reductase (MsrA), EC 1.8.4.6; originally identified in Escherichia coli] was purified from bovine liver, and the cDNA encoding this enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The mammalian homologue of E. coli msrA (also called pmsR) cDNA ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.2095
更新日期:1996-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidae) represent a superb illustration of evolutionary radiation, with a single colonization event giving rise to 19 extant and at least 10 extinct species [Curnutt, J. & Pimm, S. (2001) Stud. Avian Biol. 22, 15-30]. They also represent a dramatic example of anthropogenic extinction. C...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.162372399
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::When assembled into 13--19S particles, the reovirus nonstructural protein sigma-NS selectively binds single-stranded RNAs. Sedimentation analyses combined with binding to nitrocellulose membrane filters showed that 1--2 pmol of reovirus mRNAs from the large, medium, or small size classes saturated in vitro the binding...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.11.3457
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 6.1-kilobase insertion into the rudimentary (r) gene was cloned and partially sequenced. The insertion consists of a 703-base-pair (bp) P element next to a 5.4-kilobase single-copy sequence. The normal position of the single-copy sequence is near the tip of the X chromosome. Upon insertion into the r gene, this chim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.3.693
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members interact with inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) Ca(2+)release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum to modulate Ca(2+)signals that affect cell viability. However, the molecular details and consequences of their interactions are unclear. Here, we found that Bcl-xL activates sin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1517935113
更新日期:2016-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::The output of the cerebellar cortex is controlled by two main inputs, (i.e., the climbing fiber and mossy fiber-parallel fiber pathway) and activations of these inputs elicit characteristic effects in its Purkinje cells: that is, the so-called complex spikes and simple spikes. Target neurons of the Purkinje cells in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907118107
更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::A patterning method termed "RIPPLE" (reactive interface patterning promoted by lithographic electrochemistry) is applied to the fabrication of arrays of dielectric and metallic optical elements. This method uses cyclic voltammetry to impart patterns onto the working electrode of a standard three-electrode electrochemi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504280112
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::An equation for the bond angles OC-M-CO for tetracarbonyl groups in which the transition metal atom M is enneacovalent, derived from the simple theory of hybrid sp(3)d(5) bond orbitals, is tested by comparison of the calculated values of the angles with the experimental values reported for many compounds containing M(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.2.569
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of development has been studied through the lens of gene regulation by examining either closely related species or extremely distant animals of different phyla. In nematodes, detailed cell- and stage-specific expression analyses are focused on the model Caenorhabditis elegans, in part leading to the view...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1720817115
更新日期:2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Cell fate determination depends in part on the establishment of specific transcriptional programs of gene expression. These programs result from the interpretation of the genomic cis-regulatory information by sequence-specific factors. Decoding this information in sequenced genomes is an important issue. Here, we deve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1002876107
更新日期:2010-08-17 00:00:00