Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that neither ejection fraction nor hemodynamic abnormalities during exercise in chronic heart failure (HF) correlate with symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion. The concept that exercise limitation in patients with chronic HF is due to abnormal hemodynamics during exercise has been revised to acknowledge that the skeletal myopathy of chronic HF contributes significantly to exercise dysfunction in heart failure. Why then does cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), a therapy that improves abnormalities of cardiac function, such as cardiac output and ejection fraction, produce a consistent, measurable, irrefutable increase in exercise capacity? METHODS AND RESULTS:In this review I will (1) review the mechanisms of exercise dysfunction in chronic HF, with special attention to the concept of "coordinated adaptation"; (2) analyze the effects of CRT on autonomic dysfunction in HF; and (3) propose a unifying hypothesis to understand how a therapy that improves cardiac function can improve exercise dysfunction attributable to a skeletal myopathy. Specifically, I will review evidence that CRT improves exercise capacity by attenuating the chronic sympathetic activation of HF. CONCLUSION:The decrease in sympathetic activation, and perhaps inflammation, during CRT likely reverses many features of the skeletal myopathy, leading to improved exercise capacity.
journal_name
J Card Failjournal_title
Journal of cardiac failureauthors
Middlekauff HRdoi
10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.03.002keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
534-41issue
7eissn
1071-9164issn
1532-8414pii
S1071-9164(05)00106-5journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:In vivo administration of norepinephrine fails to cause beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization. However, short-term exposure of cultured cells to norepinephrine induces the phenomenon in vitro. We sought to identify the local regulatory mechanisms responsible for in vivo beta-adrenergic receptor desensitiz...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
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更新日期：2020-11-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.08.002
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.10.016
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.05.001
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.10.019
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.03.013
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.07.003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.08.005
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.08.009
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.10.014
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.09.001
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.08.001
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for infantile-onset Pompe disease effectively reduces the left ventricular (LV) mass. This study sought to explore detailed process of LV reverse remodeling after ERT with the use of tissue Doppler and stain rate imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS:Nine infants and children with Po...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.07.011
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although beta-blockers were well-tolerated by heart failure (HF) patients in clinical trials, tolerability of these drugs in a general population of HF patients is not well-described. METHODS:We studied a total of 308 encounters with beta-blockers therapy in 268 ambulatory HF patients. Side effects and freq...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1054/jcaf.2003.34
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.04.017
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.06.353
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for mortality among patients with heart failure as well as for patients who undergo cardiothoracic surgery. However it is unknown whether DM is associated with increased mortality or major complications during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) su...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.02.010
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Altering the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system improve mortality in heart failure (HF) in part through an improvement in nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelial function. This study examined if spironolactone affects endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO-mediated vasorelaxation in HF. METHODS AN...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.01.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.07.246
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It remains controversial which type of exercise elicits optimum adaptations on skeletal myopathy of heart failure (HF). Our aim was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), with or without the addition of strength training, on skeletal muscle of HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS:Thi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.007
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend treatment with multiple medications to improve survival, functioning, and quality of life. Yet, HF treatments can be costly, resulting in significant economic burden for some patients. To date, there are few data on the impact of patients' perceived difficulties in aff...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.03.004
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.10.028
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulation of the V1a receptor for arginine vasopressin produces myocardial and vascular effects similar to those of angiotensin II while stimulation of the V2 receptor causes fluid retention. There are no data with sustained blockade of the V1a receptor while single-dose experiments suggest benefit. Acute and chroni...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.12.011
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairment is found in a significant proportion of patients with heart failure (HF). Although cognitive impairment may be a consequence of HF, early signs of cognitive impairment may also indicate subclinical vascular disease, and thus a risk factor for future cardiovascular events. METHODS AND RE...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.11.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Digitalis glycosides are known to improve the hemodynamic and neurohormonal perturbations that contribute to heart failure (HF)-induced renal dysfunction (RD). The objective of this study was to determine if randomization to digoxin is associated with improvement in renal function (IRF) and to evaluate if pa...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.03.002
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients having heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF: 40% ≤ EF < 50%) are increasingly being considered a new subset of the population with heart failure. Despite recent advances in heart-failure treatment strategies, the prognosis of these patients has not improved substantially over time. ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.05.010
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was designed to examine the hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of infusion of A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS:We infused synthetic human ANP or BNP at a rate of 0.1 microgram/kg/ min i...
journal_title：Journal of cardiac failure
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1071-9164(96)80088-1
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
